健康儿童及研究人员对儿童参与研究面临的挑战的态度：一项探索性研究。
The attitudes of healthy children and researchers towards the challenges of involving children in research: an exploratory study.
作者信息
Postma Laura, Luchtenberg Malou L, Verhagen A A Eduard, Maeckelberghe Els L M
机构信息
Wenckebach Institute for Education and Training, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands.
出版信息
Res Involv Engagem. 2021 May 14;7(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s40900-021-00263-4.
BACKGROUND
A growing trend in research is to involve co-researchers. It is referred to as Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) and comprises three groups: the patients, the public, and the researchers. Like in adult public involvement, healthy children can also be considered as 'the public'. Paediatric patients and researchers experienced in conducting child-inclusive research are often asked about their attitudes towards the challenges they encounter. This is not the case for healthy children and researchers without such experience. Our aim was to investigate the attitudes of these children and researchers towards the challenges encountered during child-inclusive research.
METHODS
This was an exploratory study. We interviewed healthy children and adult researchers without prior experience in child-inclusive research. We recruited the children through a foundation for young researchers and the adult researchers from two hospitals, both in Groningen, the Netherlands. We audio recorded the interviews, and they were transcribed verbatim. We analysed the data using qualitative content analysis.
RESULTS
We interviewed five adult researchers and seven healthy children, aged 9 to 14 years. Both groups thought that it was best to involve children in paediatric research from as early a stage as possible. The children assumed that no prior training would be needed because they had already been trained at school. The researchers' attitudes varied regarding training children beforehand. Both groups thought that researchers did not need prior training on how to involve children if they worked with children on a daily basis. The children felt that recognition and a modest financial reward was appropriate. Adult researchers were cautious about rewarding the children. They feared it might render the children less intrinsically motivated.
CONCLUSION
Our study indicated that young and adult researchers have clear attitudes towards the challenges encountered during child-inclusive research. Young researchers could help adult researchers to find solutions to these challenges, even if they have no prior experience in child-inclusive research. Adult researchers who acknowledge the importance of child-inclusive research represent a significant step towards meaningful involvement of children. Our results imply that children could be involved in the decision-making process concerning the challenges encountered in child-inclusive research.
背景
研究领域的一个发展趋势是让共同研究者参与其中。这被称为患者及公众参与（PPI），包括三个群体：患者、公众和研究人员。与成人公众参与一样，健康儿童也可被视为“公众”。经常有人询问参与包含儿童的研究的儿科患者和研究人员对他们所面临挑战的态度。而对于没有此类经验的健康儿童和研究人员来说，情况并非如此。我们的目的是调查这些儿童和研究人员对在包含儿童的研究中所遇到挑战的态度。
方法
这是一项探索性研究。我们采访了没有参与包含儿童研究经验的健康儿童和成年研究人员。我们通过一个青年研究人员基金会招募儿童，从荷兰格罗宁根的两家医院招募成年研究人员。我们对访谈进行了录音，并逐字转录。我们使用定性内容分析法对数据进行了分析。
结果
我们采访了5名成年研究人员和7名9至14岁的健康儿童。两组都认为最好让儿童尽早参与儿科研究。儿童认为不需要事先培训，因为他们在学校已经接受过培训。研究人员对于事先培训儿童的态度各不相同。两组都认为，如果研究人员每天都与儿童合作，那么他们不需要事先接受如何让儿童参与研究的培训。儿童觉得认可和适度的经济奖励是合适的。成年研究人员对奖励儿童持谨慎态度。他们担心这可能会降低儿童的内在动力。
结论
我们的研究表明，青年和成年研究人员对在包含儿童的研究中遇到的挑战有着明确的态度。青年研究人员可以帮助成年研究人员找到应对这些挑战的解决方案，即使他们此前没有参与包含儿童研究的经验。承认包含儿童研究重要性的成年研究人员朝着让儿童有意义地参与迈出了重要一步。我们的结果意味着儿童可以参与到关于包含儿童研究中所遇到挑战的决策过程中。
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