Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria.
Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria; Atomic & Mass Spectrometry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Chemosphere. 2021 Oct;281:130819. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130819. Epub 2021 May 10.
We report the first halogen speciation analysis study by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICPMS/MS) in the fruiting bodies of various mushroom species. Non-targeted speciation analysis revealed the occurrence of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) in the edible mushroom Russula nigricans. Multiple samples of this mushroom (n = 5) collected from different geographic non-industrial regions in two different countries confirmed the consistent presence of this species at a relatively narrow concentration range (23-37 mg kg), whereas no other chlorinated acetic acid (e.g. chloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid) was detected. Neither DCAA nor any other chlorinated acetic acid were detected in any of the other mushroom species investigated in the present study, including seven different mushroom species of the same genus Russula, even though all mushrooms were collected from the same non-industrial geographic regions. Together with the previously reported biological activities of DCAA, these findings collectively suggest biosynthesis of this compound as an explanation for its dominant presence in R. nigricans, and constitute the first example of the dominant natural occurrence of this compound over other chlorinated acetic acids in a living organism. This may warrant a change in our view of the occurrence of dichloroacetic acid in nature, where primarily considered as a pollutant arising from water disinfection.
我们报告了首次通过高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用（HPLC-ICPMS/MS）在各种蘑菇物种的子实体中进行卤代形态分析的研究。非靶向形态分析揭示了食用蘑菇黑伞（Russula nigricans）中存在二氯乙酸（DCAA）。从两个不同国家不同非工业地区采集的这种蘑菇的多个样本（n=5）证实了该物种的存在浓度范围相对较窄（23-37mg/kg），而没有检测到其他氯代乙酸（例如氯乙酸和三氯乙酸）。在本研究中调查的其他蘑菇物种中，包括 7 种不同的黑伞属蘑菇，均未检测到 DCAA 或任何其他氯代乙酸，尽管所有蘑菇均来自同一非工业地理区域。与先前报道的 DCAA 的生物活性一起，这些发现共同表明该化合物的生物合成可以解释其在黑伞中的主要存在，这是该化合物在生物体中相对于其他氯代乙酸占主导地位的首次实例。这可能需要我们改变对自然界中二氯乙酸存在的看法，二氯乙酸主要被认为是水消毒产生的污染物。
