Multidisciplinary Food and Health Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
GreenUPorto, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal.
Food Res Int. 2021 May;143:110227. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110227. Epub 2021 Mar 2.
This study aimed to assess consumers' perceptions about the impact of consumption of different foods on health and body weight, as well as to identify risk perceptions about food-related chronic diseases. Face-to-face questionnaires were conducted with 525 Brazilians. Individuals were asked about their perception of risks associated with the consumption of 50 food items on health and bodyweight. The unrealistic optimism was measured by asking participants about their risk and the risk of another person with similar body and health conditions of developing diabetes mellitus (DM), systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), and gaining 3 to 10 kg in the next 12 months. According to the principal component analysis, biased perception of food healthiness and weight gain was observed. Some UPF were perceived as healthy (e.g., gelatin, cereal bars, cream cracker), indicating a false healthy stereotype. Regarding the bodyweight effect, some typical Brazilian staple foods, such as rice, pasta, bread, and potatoes, were considered fattening foods. Optimistic bias was found for DM, SAH, and weight gain, and perceived control over health correlated negatively to risk perception of all hazards. Some motives for food choice and perceptions about foods affected the risk perception about chronic disease. Consumers with higher income, highly educated, and without children perceive higher health benefits in food than risks. These results indicate that health campaigns must be unbiased, clarifying the level of food processing and health effects, especially for the food stereotyped as healthy and fattening.
本研究旨在评估消费者对不同食物消费对健康和体重影响的看法，以及识别与食物相关的慢性疾病风险认知。采用面对面问卷调查了 525 名巴西人。要求参与者对 50 种食物与健康和体重相关的风险进行感知。通过询问参与者自身和与自身体型和健康状况相似的他人罹患糖尿病（DM）、系统性动脉高血压（SAH）以及在未来 12 个月增重 3 至 10 公斤的风险，来衡量不切实际的乐观。根据主成分分析，观察到对食物健康和体重增加的有偏差的感知。一些 UPF 被认为是健康的（例如明胶、谷物棒、奶油饼干），表明存在虚假的健康刻板印象。关于体重增加的影响，一些典型的巴西主食，如大米、意大利面、面包和土豆，被认为是容易发胖的食物。对 DM、SAH 和体重增加存在乐观偏见，对健康的感知控制与所有危害的风险感知呈负相关。一些食物选择的动机和对食物的看法影响了对慢性疾病风险的感知。收入较高、受教育程度较高且没有孩子的消费者认为食物的健康益处大于风险。这些结果表明，健康宣传活动必须客观公正，阐明食物加工水平和健康影响，特别是对被刻板印象为健康和容易发胖的食物。
