Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 801 W. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46204, United States.
Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, 593 Eddy Street, Claverick 2, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
Prev Med. 2021 Aug;149:106605. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106605. Epub 2021 May 13.
Nonfatal firearm assault incidents are more prevalent than gun homicides, however, little is understood about nonfatal firearm assault incidents due to a lack of accurate data in the United States. This is a descriptive study of all nonfatal firearm assault incidents identified through police and clinical records from 2007 to 2016 in Indianapolis, Indiana. Records were linked at the incident level to demonstrate the overlap and non-overlap of nonfatal firearm assault incidents in police and clinical records and describe differences in demographic characteristics of the victims. Incidents were matched within a 24-h time window of the recorded date of the police incident. Data were analyzed in fall 2020. There were 3797 nonfatal firearm assault incidents identified in police reports and 3131 clinical encounters with an ICD 9/10 diagnosis-based nonfatal firearm-related injury. 62% (n = 2366) of nonfatal firearm assault incidents matched within 24 h to a clinical encounter, 81% (n = 1905) had a firearm related ICD code: 40% (n = 947) were coded as a firearm-related assault, 32% (n = 754) were coded as a firearm-related accident; and 8.6% (n = 198) were coded as undetermined, self-inflicted or law enforcement firearm-related. The other 20% (n = 461) did not have an ICD firearm related diagnosis code. Results indicate most nonfatal firearm assault incidents overlap between police and clinical records systems, however, discrepancies between the systems exist. These findings also demonstrate an undercounting of nonfatal firearm assault incidents when relying on clinical data systems alone and more efforts are needed to link administrative police and clinical data in the study of nonfatal firearm assaults.
非致命性枪支袭击事件比枪支凶杀案更为普遍，但由于美国缺乏准确的数据，因此对非致命性枪支袭击事件了解甚少。这是一项描述性研究，研究了 2007 年至 2016 年期间印第安纳波利斯市警方和临床记录中所有非致命性枪支袭击事件。记录在事件层面上进行了关联，以展示警方和临床记录中非致命性枪支袭击事件的重叠和非重叠，并描述受害者人口统计学特征的差异。事件在警方记录日期的 24 小时时间窗口内进行匹配。数据分析于 2020 年秋季进行。警方报告中确定了 3797 起非致命性枪支袭击事件，临床记录中有 3131 次与 ICD 9/10 基于诊断的非致命性枪支相关伤害的接触。24 小时内有 62%（n=2366）的非致命性枪支袭击事件与临床接触相匹配，81%（n=1905）有与枪支相关的 ICD 代码：40%（n=947）被编码为与枪支相关的袭击，32%（n=754）被编码为与枪支相关的事故；8.6%（n=198）被编码为不确定、自残或执法部门与枪支相关。其余 20%（n=461）没有 ICD 枪支相关诊断代码。结果表明，大多数非致命性枪支袭击事件在警方和临床记录系统之间存在重叠，但系统之间存在差异。这些发现还表明，仅依靠临床数据系统会低估非致命性枪支袭击事件，因此需要更多努力来链接行政警方和临床数据，以研究非致命性枪支袭击事件。
