Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
Mol Ther. 2021 Oct 6;29(10):2995-3010. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.05.012. Epub 2021 May 14.
Anti-tumor immunity through checkpoint inhibitors, specifically anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) interaction, is a promising approach for cancer therapy. However, as early clinical trials indicate that colorectal cancers (CRCs) do not respond well to immune-checkpoint therapies, new effective immunotherapy approaches to CRC warrant further study. Simvastatin is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (CoA) reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway for the cholesterol biosynthesis. However, little is known about the functions of simvastatin in the regulation of immune checkpoints or long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated immunoregulation in cancer. Here, we found that simvastatin inhibited PD-L1 expression and promoted anti-tumor immunity via suppressing the expression of lncRNA SNHG29. Interestingly, SNHG29 interacted with YAP and inhibited phosphorylation and ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation of YAP, thereby facilitating downregulation of PD-L1 transcriptionally. Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models and the clinicopathological analysis in samples from CRC patients further supported the role of the lncRNA SNHG29-mediated PD-L1 signaling axis in tumor microenvironment reprogramming. Collectively, our study uncovers simvastatin as a potential therapeutic drug for immunotherapy in CRC, which suppresses lncRNA SNHG29-mediated YAP activation and promotes anti-tumor immunity by inhibiting PD-L1 expression.
通过检查点抑制剂(特别是抗程序性死亡 1(PD-1)/程序性死亡配体 1(PD-L1)相互作用)来增强抗肿瘤免疫,是癌症治疗的一种很有前途的方法。然而,正如早期临床试验所表明的那样,结直肠癌(CRC)对免疫检查点疗法反应不佳,因此需要进一步研究新的有效的免疫治疗方法来治疗 CRC。辛伐他汀是 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶 A(CoA)还原酶(HMGCR)的抑制剂,是胆固醇生物合成的甲羟戊酸(MVA)途径的限速酶。然而,关于辛伐他汀在调节免疫检查点或长链非编码 RNA(lncRNA)介导的癌症免疫调节中的作用知之甚少。在这里,我们发现辛伐他汀通过抑制 lncRNA SNHG29 的表达来抑制 PD-L1 的表达并促进抗肿瘤免疫。有趣的是,SNHG29 与 YAP 相互作用,并抑制 YAP 的磷酸化和泛素化介导的蛋白降解,从而促进 PD-L1 的转录下调。来自 CRC 患者的患者来源的肿瘤异种移植(PDX)模型和临床病理分析样本进一步支持了 lncRNA SNHG29 介导的 PD-L1 信号轴在肿瘤微环境重编程中的作用。总的来说,我们的研究揭示了辛伐他汀作为 CRC 免疫治疗的一种潜在治疗药物,它通过抑制 PD-L1 的表达来抑制 lncRNA SNHG29 介导的 YAP 激活并促进抗肿瘤免疫。
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