Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2021 Aug;62:8-13. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.04.004. Epub 2021 May 13.
The inclusion of fungi in recent human and animal microbiome studies has revealed that microbiome features associated with health or disease are not exclusively bacterial. Factors known to impact bacterial microbiome development, such as gestational age at birth, breast feeding status and antibiotics also impact the mycobiome. Strong inter-kingdom interactions take place in the luminal gut, and while the mycobiome exhibits increased inter-individual variability, certain fungi are stable colonizers. Here, we review recent studies showing that the gut mycobiome also plays an important role in disease states related to host immunity and energy metabolism. Some persistent species, such as Candida sp., as well as other less stable colonizers have been shown to play an important role in host-mycobiome immune cross talk. Mechanisms by which gut fungi interact with immune development have begun to be elucidated yet the majority remain elusive. Further investigation into these immune and metabolic mechanisms hold great potential for novel discoveries and will provided a much needed multi-kingdom understanding of the microbiome's influence on host health.
近年来，真菌在人类和动物微生物组研究中的纳入，揭示了与健康或疾病相关的微生物组特征并非完全由细菌决定。已知影响细菌微生物组发育的因素，如出生时的胎龄、母乳喂养状态和抗生素，也会影响真菌组。肠道腔内存在强烈的种间相互作用，尽管真菌组表现出更高的个体间变异性，但某些真菌是稳定的定植者。在这里，我们回顾了最近的研究，表明肠道真菌组在与宿主免疫和能量代谢相关的疾病状态中也起着重要作用。一些持久性物种，如念珠菌属，以及其他不太稳定的定植者，已被证明在宿主-真菌组免疫相互作用中发挥重要作用。肠道真菌与免疫发育相互作用的机制已经开始被阐明，但大多数仍难以捉摸。进一步研究这些免疫和代谢机制具有很大的发现潜力，并将为微生物组对宿主健康的影响提供急需的多领域理解。
