Jovandaric Miljana Z, Jovanović Kristina, Raus Misela, Babic Sandra, Igic Tamara, Kotlica Boba, Milicevic Srboljub
Department of Neonatology, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Department of Neurology, University Children's Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Nov 29;60(12):1969. doi: 10.3390/medicina60121969.
Dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal tract is the most common cause of disease in childhood and adulthood. The formation of the intestinal microbiome begins in utero, and composition modification during life depends mainly on various genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. The main cause of intestinal dysbiosis is improper nutrition due to a short period of breastfeeding, insufficient intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, and/or consumption of a large amount of processed food. The benefits of a diet based on grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables are reflected in reducing the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, high blood pressure, asthma, allergies, and kidney stones. Anaerobic fermentation of fibers produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) that have an anti-inflammatory role and great importance in shaping the intestinal microbiota. Factors associated with high fiber in a plant-based diet promote increased insulin sensitivity. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) act as promoters of most normal and pre-neoplastic tissues. Conclusion: A plant-based diet high in fiber prevents disease by creating metabolites in the gut that reduce oxidative stress.
胃肠道生态失调是儿童期和成年期最常见的疾病原因。肠道微生物群的形成始于子宫内，其在生命过程中的组成变化主要取决于各种遗传、营养和环境因素。肠道生态失调的主要原因是母乳喂养时间短、新鲜水果和蔬菜摄入量不足以及/或者大量食用加工食品导致的营养不当。以谷物、豆类、水果和蔬菜为基础的饮食的益处体现在降低患癌症、心血管疾病、心肌梗死、中风、类风湿性关节炎、高血压、哮喘、过敏和肾结石的风险上。纤维的厌氧发酵产生具有抗炎作用且在塑造肠道微生物群方面非常重要的短链脂肪酸（SCFA）。以植物性饮食为主的高纤维相关因素可促进胰岛素敏感性增加。胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-I）充当大多数正常组织和癌前组织的促进因子。结论：富含纤维的植物性饮食通过在肠道中产生减少氧化应激的代谢物来预防疾病。
