The Significance of Plant Nutrition in the Creation of the Intestinal Microbiota-Prevention of Chronic Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal tract is the most common cause of disease in childhood and adulthood. The formation of the intestinal microbiome begins in utero, and composition modification during life depends mainly on various genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. The main cause of intestinal dysbiosis is improper nutrition due to a short period of breastfeeding, insufficient intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, and/or consumption of a large amount of processed food. The benefits of a diet based on grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables are reflected in reducing the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, high blood pressure, asthma, allergies, and kidney stones. Anaerobic fermentation of fibers produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) that have an anti-inflammatory role and great importance in shaping the intestinal microbiota. Factors associated with high fiber in a plant-based diet promote increased insulin sensitivity. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) act as promoters of most normal and pre-neoplastic tissues. Conclusion: A plant-based diet high in fiber prevents disease by creating metabolites in the gut that reduce oxidative stress.