Montare A
Human Learning Laboratory, William Paterson College, Wayne, New Jersey 07470.
Percept Mot Skills. 1988 Apr;66(2):579-88. doi: 10.2466/pms.1988.66.2.579.
College students of both sexes served as their own controls to test four hypotheses in each of three experiments designed to assess effects of knowledge of results (KR) as verbal information correct to the nearest .01 sec. on time estimations. Analysis indicated that (1) KR significantly increased the mean accuracy of time estimations obtained by the methods of production and estimation but not by the method of reproduction, (2) that KR significantly decreased the variance of the time estimations in all three experiments, (3) that in all three experiments after KR underestimators significantly increased their mean time estimates whereas overestimators significantly decreased their mean time estimations, and (4) that no significant sex differences were present. Notions of excitation and inhibition as intervening variables and of the Pavlovian first- and second-signalling systems were employed in tentative explanations.
在三项实验的每一项中，男女大学生都作为自己的对照，以检验四个假设。这些实验旨在评估精确到最近0.01秒的言语信息形式的结果知识（KR）对时间估计的影响。分析表明：（1）KR显著提高了通过生成法和估计法获得的时间估计的平均准确性，但通过再现法获得的时间估计准确性未显著提高；（2）KR在所有三项实验中均显著降低了时间估计的方差；（3）在所有三项实验中，KR之后，低估者显著提高了他们的平均时间估计，而高估者显著降低了他们的平均时间估计；（4）不存在显著的性别差异。在初步解释中采用了兴奋和抑制作为中介变量的概念以及巴甫洛夫第一和第二信号系统的概念。
