Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China.
Qinhuai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210029, China.
Vaccine. 2021 Jun 11;39(26):3509-3515. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.008. Epub 2021 May 13.
Mumps outbreaks in adolescents who received two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) during childhood have been reported worldwide. In China, one dose of MMR administered in children aged among 18-24 months has a limited effect on the mumps epidemic. There are limited prospective studies evaluating the mumps immunity profile of children aged 3-7 years who received one dose of MMR. This study aimed to describe mumps immunity profile over a span of 4-years in kindergarten and primary school children.
An observational, prospective study on one-dose MMR in children aged 3-7 years who underwent blood sample collection in 2015, 2016, and 2018 was conducted from 2015 to 2018. The seropositivity and geometric mean concentration of mumps IgG antibodies over time were analyzed.
A total of 3346 eligible children aged 3-7 years who underwent three rounds of blood sample collection were included. The overall seropositivity (79.6%) in 2015 was significantly higher than those recorded in 2016 (73.1%) and 2018 (71.4%). Approximately 11.6-15.9% of the participants were seropositive for mumps in 2015, and converted to negative in 2016. Meanwhile, 11.1-14.6% of the participants were seropositive for mumps in 2016, and the results converted to negative in 2018. Over 6.1-7.4% of the participants had asymptomatic infection from 2015 to 2016, while 9.0-9.9% of the participants were infected without clinical symptoms from 2016 to 2018.
Kindergarten and primary school children who only received one dose of MMR were at higher risk of developing mumps. Waning immunity, seronegative conversion, and asymptomatic infection coexist in children who received one dose MMR. Determining the optimal age for administering the second dose of MMR in children should be prioritized to improve the control and prevention of mumps in China.
在全球范围内，已报告在儿童期接种过两剂麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗（MMR）的青少年中出现腮腺炎暴发。在中国，18-24 月龄儿童接种一剂 MMR 对腮腺炎流行的影响有限。关于仅接种一剂 MMR 的 3-7 岁儿童腮腺炎免疫状况的前瞻性研究有限。本研究旨在描述幼儿园和小学生在 4 年内腮腺炎免疫状况。
2015 年至 2018 年进行了一项关于 3-7 岁儿童接种一剂 MMR 的观察性前瞻性研究，这些儿童在 2015 年、2016 年和 2018 年进行了血样采集。分析了随时间推移的腮腺炎 IgG 抗体的血清阳性率和几何平均浓度。
共纳入 3346 名符合条件的 3-7 岁儿童，他们进行了三轮血样采集。2015 年的总血清阳性率（79.6%）明显高于 2016 年（73.1%）和 2018 年（71.4%）。2015 年约有 11.6%-15.9%的参与者对腮腺炎血清阳性，2016 年转为阴性。同时，2016 年约有 11.1%-14.6%的参与者对腮腺炎血清阳性，结果在 2018 年转为阴性。2015 年至 2016 年期间，超过 6.1%-7.4%的参与者无症状感染，而 2016 年至 2018 年期间，9.0%-9.9%的参与者无症状感染。
仅接种一剂 MMR 的幼儿园和小学生发生腮腺炎的风险较高。接种一剂 MMR 的儿童中存在免疫衰减、血清阴性转换和无症状感染。确定在中国儿童中接种第二剂 MMR 的最佳年龄应优先考虑，以改善腮腺炎的控制和预防。
