RESTORE, University of Toulouse, UMR 1031-INSERM, 5070-CNRS, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
Front Immunol. 2021 Apr 30;12:626755. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626755. eCollection 2021.
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently widely used in cell based therapy regarding to their remarkable efficacy in controlling the inflammatory status in patients. Despite recent progress and encouraging results, inconstant therapeutic benefits are reported suggesting that significant breakthroughs in the understanding of MSCs immunomodulatory mechanisms of action remains to be investigated and certainly apprehended from original point of view. This review will focus on the recent findings regarding MSCs close relationship with the innate immune compartment, i.e. granulocytes and myeloid cells. The review will also consider the intercellular mechanism of communication involved, such as factor secretion, cell-cell contact, extracellular vesicles, mitochondria transfer and efferocytosis. Immune-like-properties of MSCs supporting part of their therapeutic effect in the clinical setting will be discussed, as well as their potentials (immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant defenses and metabolic adaptation…) and effects mediated, such as cell polarization, differentiation, death and survival on various immune and tissue cell targets determinant in triggering tissue regeneration. Their metabolic properties in term of sensing, reacting and producing metabolites influencing tissue inflammation will be highlighted. The review will finally open to discussion how ongoing scientific advances on MSCs could be efficiently translated to clinic in chronic and age-related inflammatory diseases and the current limits and gaps that remain to be overcome to achieving tissue regeneration and rejuvenation.
间充质基质细胞 (MSCs) 目前在基于细胞的治疗中被广泛应用，因为它们在控制患者炎症状态方面具有显著的疗效。尽管最近取得了进展并取得了令人鼓舞的结果，但报道的治疗效果不一致，表明需要进一步研究和理解 MSCs 免疫调节作用机制，当然也需要从原始观点来理解。这篇综述将重点关注 MSCs 与先天免疫成分（即粒细胞和髓样细胞）之间的最新发现。综述还将考虑涉及的细胞间通讯机制，如因子分泌、细胞-细胞接触、细胞外囊泡、线粒体转移和细胞吞噬作用。将讨论 MSCs 的免疫样特性如何支持其在临床环境中的部分治疗效果，以及它们的潜力（免疫调节、抗细菌、抗炎、抗氧化防御和代谢适应）及其介导的效应，如细胞极化、分化、死亡和存活对触发组织再生的各种免疫和组织细胞靶标有决定性影响。还将强调它们在感知、反应和产生影响组织炎症的代谢物方面的代谢特性。最后，将讨论如何将 MSCs 的科学进展有效地转化为慢性和与年龄相关的炎症性疾病的临床应用，以及目前仍需克服的限制和差距，以实现组织再生和年轻化。
