Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
NeoVaxSyn, Inc. Ames, IA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2021 Apr 28;12:647934. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647934. eCollection 2021.
SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, has been spreading rampantly. The global scientific community has responded rapidly to understand immune correlates of protection to develop vaccines and immunotherapeutics against the virus. The major goal of this mini review is to summarize current understanding of the structural landscape of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that target the receptor binding domain (RBD) of viral spike (S) glycoprotein. The RBD plays a critical role in the very first step of the virus life cycle. Better understanding of where and how nAbs bind the RBD should enable identification of sites of vulnerability and facilitate better vaccine design and formulation of immunotherapeutics. Towards this goal, we compiled 38 RBD-binding nAbs with known structures. Review of these nAb structures showed that (1) nAbs can be divided into five general clusters, (2) there are distinct non-neutralizing faces on the RBD, and (3) maximum of potentially four nAbs could bind the RBD simultaneously. Since most of these nAbs were isolated from virus-infected patients, additional analyses of vaccine-induced nAbs could facilitate development of improved vaccines.
导致当前 COVID-19 大流行的新型冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 正在迅速传播。全球科学界迅速做出反应，以了解免疫保护相关因素，从而开发针对该病毒的疫苗和免疫疗法。这篇小综述的主要目的是总结目前对靶向病毒刺突（S）糖蛋白受体结合域（RBD）的中和抗体（nAb）的结构景观的理解。RBD 在病毒生命周期的第一步中起着至关重要的作用。更好地了解 nAb 与 RBD 的结合位置和方式，应该能够确定易损部位，并有助于更好地设计疫苗和免疫疗法。为此，我们编译了 38 种具有已知结构的 RBD 结合 nAb。对这些 nAb 结构的回顾表明：（1）nAb 可分为五个主要簇；（2）RBD 上存在明显的非中和面；（3）最多可能有四个 nAb 可以同时结合 RBD。由于这些 nAb 大多数是从感染病毒的患者中分离出来的，对疫苗诱导的 nAb 的进一步分析可以促进改进疫苗的开发。
