Matallana-Ramirez Lilian P, Whetten Ross W, Sanchez Georgina M, Payn Kitt G
Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, United States.
Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, United States.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Apr 30;12:606908. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.606908. eCollection 2021.
Earth's atmosphere is warming and the effects of climate change are becoming evident. A key observation is that both the average levels and the variability of temperature and precipitation are changing. Information and data from new technologies are developing in parallel to provide multidisciplinary opportunities to address and overcome the consequences of these changes in forest ecosystems. Changes in temperature and water availability impose multidimensional environmental constraints that trigger changes from the molecular to the forest stand level. These can represent a threat for the normal development of the tree from early seedling recruitment to adulthood both through direct mortality, and by increasing susceptibility to pathogens, insect attack, and fire damage. This review summarizes the strengths and shortcomings of previous work in the areas of genetic variation related to cold and drought stress in forest species with particular emphasis on loblolly pine ( L.), the most-planted tree species in North America. We describe and discuss the implementation of management and breeding strategies to increase resilience and adaptation, and discuss how new technologies in the areas of engineering and genomics are shaping the future of phenotype-genotype studies. Lessons learned from the study of species important in intensively-managed forest ecosystems may also prove to be of value in helping less-intensively managed forest ecosystems adapt to climate change, thereby increasing the sustainability and resilience of forestlands for the future.
地球大气正在变暖，气候变化的影响日益明显。一个关键的观察结果是，温度和降水的平均水平以及变率都在发生变化。来自新技术的信息和数据也在同步发展，为应对和克服森林生态系统中这些变化的后果提供了多学科机会。温度和水分可利用性的变化施加了多维环境限制，引发了从分子水平到林分水平的变化。这些变化无论是通过直接死亡，还是通过增加对病原体、昆虫攻击和火灾损害的易感性，都可能对树木从幼苗早期招募到成年期的正常发育构成威胁。本综述总结了以往在森林物种与寒冷和干旱胁迫相关的遗传变异领域的工作的优点和不足，特别强调了火炬松（北美种植最广泛的树种）。我们描述并讨论了增加恢复力和适应性的管理和育种策略的实施，并讨论了工程和基因组学领域的新技术如何塑造表型-基因型研究的未来。从对集约经营森林生态系统中重要物种的研究中吸取的经验教训，可能在帮助粗放经营的森林生态系统适应气候变化方面也具有价值，从而提高未来林地的可持续性和恢复力。
