Hagqvist Emma, Nyberg Anna, Leineweber Constanze
Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Front Sociol. 2021 Apr 29;6:669789. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.669789. eCollection 2021.
Enrichment is a phenomenon described as the synergistic and beneficial effects of participating in both work and private life. Far too few studies have acknowledged the role of gender in enrichment. By applying a gender theoretical approach, this article has two aims; first, we aim to study the role of gender in enrichment by examining the factorial structure of enrichment in men and women; secondly, we aim to study the relationship between enrichment and work and private life factors in an approximately representative sample of the Swedish working population. A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis with measurement in variance was performed and this resulted in a two-factor solution for enrichment for both men and women, representing the two directions of enrichment: work-to-life enrichment (WLE) and life-to-work enrichment (LWE). Factor loadings differ across genders, indicating that men and women construct and value items of enrichment differently. Next, linear mixed models were used to answer the second aim. Results show that gendered cultural norms in work and private life manifest in the relationship between factors in the work and home sphere and enrichment. Factors in work and private life with more or less masculine or feminine epithets relate differently to WLE and LWE for men and women. The main conclusion is that masculine and feminine norms are embodied in the values and experiences of enrichment and factors related to enrichment.
充实感是一种被描述为参与工作和私人生活所产生的协同且有益的效果的现象。极少有研究承认性别在充实感中的作用。通过运用性别理论方法，本文有两个目标；其一，我们旨在通过研究男性和女性充实感的因子结构来探讨性别在充实感中的作用；其二，我们旨在以瑞典工作人群的一个近似代表性样本研究充实感与工作及私人生活因素之间的关系。进行了带有方差测量的多组验证性因子分析，结果得出男性和女性充实感的双因子解决方案，代表充实感的两个方向：工作到生活的充实感（WLE）和生活到工作的充实感（LWE）。因子载荷在不同性别间存在差异，这表明男性和女性构建并重视充实感项目的方式不同。接下来，使用线性混合模型来回答第二个目标。结果表明，工作和私人生活中的性别文化规范体现在工作和家庭领域因素与充实感之间的关系中。带有或多或少男性化或女性化表述的工作和私人生活因素与男性和女性的工作到生活的充实感及生活到工作的充实感的关联方式不同。主要结论是，男性化和女性化规范体现在充实感的价值观和体验以及与充实感相关的因素中。
