Giri Anil, Sapkota Binaya, Shrestha Ranish, Khatiwada Asmita Priyadarshini, Tiwari Rajib, Aryal Manisha, Timilsina Menaka, Bhujel Biplove, Adhikari Mohan, Sah Ranjit, Bhandari Divya, Ozaki Akihiko, Martellucci Cecilia Acuti, Kotera Yasuhiro, Mousavi Sayed Hamid, Shrestha Sunil
Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nobel College, Affiliated to Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
JMA J. 2021 Apr 15;4(2):86-90. doi: 10.31662/jmaj.2020-0120. Epub 2021 Apr 2.
Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is transmitted through close contact and droplets, people, especially those at risk of infection, must follow preventive measures in the community and healthcare settings. Healthcare personnel (HCP) must appropriately select and use personal protective equipment (PPE) with sensible donning and doffing and disposal practices. A narrative review of the existing literature was conducted, in which articles from Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science were collected. The primary findings of the retained articles were reviewed according to official recommendations on PPE use. The World Health Organization (WHO), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and European Center for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC) recommend standard precautions for contact transmission, respiratory transmission, and droplet precautions among HCPs caring for patients with COVID-19. Indeed, healthcare workers working in high-risk areas, as well as the public, when social distancing cannot be assured, must wear PPE such as face mask and protective eyewear to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Due to the increased use of PPE, the potentially infectious waste stream has been rapidly increasing, requiring safe and adequate solid waste management. The proper use of PPE and management of waste generated from COVID-19 care centers can reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection. These measures should be implemented to counter the rapid spread and any long-term impacts of the current pandemic.
由于导致2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）通过密切接触和飞沫传播，人们，尤其是有感染风险的人群，必须在社区和医疗机构中采取预防措施。医护人员（HCP）必须合理选择和使用个人防护装备（PPE），并采用合理的穿脱和处置方法。我们对现有文献进行了叙述性综述，收集了来自Scopus、PubMed、谷歌学术、ScienceDirect和科学网的文章。根据关于个人防护装备使用的官方建议，对保留文章的主要研究结果进行了综述。世界卫生组织（WHO）、美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）和欧洲疾病预防与控制中心（ECDC）建议，在照顾COVID-19患者的医护人员中，针对接触传播、呼吸道传播采取标准预防措施，针对飞沫传播采取飞沫预防措施。事实上，在高风险地区工作的医护人员以及在无法确保保持社交距离的情况下的公众，必须佩戴口罩和防护眼镜等个人防护装备，以防止SARS-CoV-2感染的传播。由于个人防护装备的使用增加，潜在的传染性废物流迅速增加，这就需要进行安全且适当的固体废物管理。正确使用个人防护装备以及管理COVID-19护理中心产生的废物，可以降低COVID-19感染的风险。应实施这些措施来应对当前疫情的迅速传播及其任何长期影响。
