Osbiston Kieran, Oxbrough Anne, Fernández-Martínez Lorena Teresa
Biology Department, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK.
Access Microbiol. 2020 Nov 23;3(1):acmi000181. doi: 10.1099/acmi.0.000181. eCollection 2021.
Although soil is one of the largest microbial diversity reservoirs, the processes that define its microbial community dynamics are not fully understood. Improving our understanding of the levels of antibiotic resistance in soils with different land uses in Great Britain is not only important for the protection of animal health (including humans), but also for gaining an insight into gene transfer levels in microbial communities. This study looked at the levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) able to survive inhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol, erythromycin and vancomycin, as well as subinhibitory (10 µg ml) erythromycin concentrations. Soils from nine different sites across Great Britain with three distinct land uses (agricultural, urban and semi-natural) were sampled and the percentage of ARB was calculated for each site. Statistical analyses confirmed a significant difference in the level of ARB found in agricultural land compared to urban or semi-natural sites. The results also showed that resistance levels to vancomycin and chloramphenicol in the agricultural and urban sites sampled were significantly higher than those for erythromycin, whilst in semi-natural sites all three antibiotics show similar resistance levels. Finally, although the levels of resistance to a subinhibitory (10 µg ml) erythromycin concentration were significantly higher across land use types when compared to the levels of resistance to an inhibitory (20 µg ml) concentration, these were much less marked in soil from agricultural land compared to that from urban or semi-natural land use soil.
尽管土壤是最大的微生物多样性储存库之一，但决定其微生物群落动态的过程尚未完全明了。增进我们对英国不同土地利用方式下土壤中抗生素抗性水平的了解，不仅对保护动物健康（包括人类）至关重要，而且对于洞察微生物群落中的基因转移水平也很重要。本研究考察了能够在氯霉素、红霉素和万古霉素抑制浓度下存活的抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）水平，以及亚抑制浓度（10µg/ml）的红霉素浓度。对英国九个不同地点、三种不同土地利用方式（农业、城市和半自然）的土壤进行了采样，并计算了每个地点的ARB百分比。统计分析证实，与城市或半自然地点相比，农业用地中发现的ARB水平存在显著差异。结果还表明，所采样的农业和城市地点对万古霉素和氯霉素的抗性水平显著高于对红霉素的抗性水平，而在半自然地点，所有三种抗生素的抗性水平相似。最后，尽管与对抑制浓度（20µg/ml）的抗性水平相比，不同土地利用类型对亚抑制浓度（10µg/ml）红霉素的抗性水平显著更高，但与城市或半自然土地利用土壤相比，农业用地土壤中的这些差异要小得多。
