Department of Radiology, Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2021 Nov;12(6):e1662. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1662. Epub 2021 May 17.
It has been almost two decades since the first link between microRNAs and cancer was established. In the ensuing years, this abundant class of short noncoding regulatory RNAs has been studied in virtually all cancer types. This tremendously large body of research has generated innovative technological advances for detection of microRNAs in tissue and bodily fluids, identified the diagnostic, prognostic, and/or predictive value of individual microRNAs or microRNA signatures as potential biomarkers for patient management, shed light on regulatory mechanisms of RNA-RNA interactions that modulate gene expression, uncovered cell-autonomous and cell-to-cell communication roles of specific microRNAs, and developed a battery of viral and nonviral delivery approaches for therapeutic intervention. Despite these intense and prolific research efforts in preclinical and clinical settings, there are a limited number of microRNA-based applications that have been incorporated into clinical practice. We review recent literature and ongoing clinical trials that highlight most promising approaches and standing challenges to translate these findings into viable microRNA-based clinical tools for cancer medicine. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
自首次发现 microRNAs 与癌症之间存在关联以来，已经过去了将近二十年。在随后的几年中，这种丰富的短非编码调控 RNA 已在几乎所有癌症类型中进行了研究。大量的研究为组织和体液中 microRNAs 的检测带来了创新的技术进步，确定了单个 microRNAs 或 microRNA 特征作为患者管理的潜在生物标志物的诊断、预后和/或预测价值，揭示了调节 RNA-RNA 相互作用的调控机制，这些机制调节基因表达，揭示了特定 microRNAs 的细胞自主和细胞间通讯作用，并开发了一系列病毒和非病毒传递方法用于治疗干预。尽管在临床前和临床环境中进行了这些密集和多产的研究，但只有少数基于 microRNA 的应用已被纳入临床实践。我们回顾了最近的文献和正在进行的临床试验，这些文献和临床试验强调了将这些发现转化为可行的基于 microRNA 的癌症医学临床工具的最有前途的方法和现有挑战。本文归入以下类别：疾病和发育中的 RNA > 疾病中的 RNA。
