Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Egypt.
Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Hum Antibodies. 2021;29(3):179-191. doi: 10.3233/HAB-200441.
The harmful COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus imposes the scientific community to develop or find conventional curative drugs, protective vaccines, or passive immune strategies rapidly and efficiently. Passive immunity is based on recovering hyper-immune plasma from convalescent patients, or monoclonal antibodies with elevated titer of neutralizing antibodies with high antiviral activity, that have potential for both treatment and prevention. In this review, we focused on researching the potentiality of monoclonal antibodies for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection. Our research review includes antibody-based immunotherapy, using human monoclonal antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 viral protein regions, specifically the spike protein regions, and using hyper-immune plasma from convalescent COVID-19 patients, in which monoclonal antibodies act as immunotherapy for the cytokine storm syndrome associated with the COVID-19 infection. In addition, we will demonstrate the role of the monoclonal antibodies in the development of candidate vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the recent progress of the diagnostic mouse monoclonal antibodies' role will be highlighted, as an accurate and rapid diagnostic assay, in the antigen detection of SARS-CoV-2. In brief, the monoclonal antibodies are the potential counter measures that may control SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19 disease, through immunotherapy and vaccine development, as well as viral detection.
由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的有害的 COVID-19 大流行，迫使科学界迅速有效地开发或寻找常规的治疗药物、保护性疫苗或被动免疫策略。被动免疫基于从康复患者中回收高免疫性血浆，或具有高抗病毒活性的中和抗体高滴度的单克隆抗体，这些抗体具有治疗和预防的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们专注于研究单克隆抗体在 COVID-19 感染的预防和治疗中的潜力。我们的研究综述包括基于抗体的免疫疗法，使用针对 SARS-CoV-2 病毒蛋白区域（特别是刺突蛋白区域）的人源单克隆抗体，以及使用来自康复的 COVID-19 患者的高免疫性血浆，其中单克隆抗体作为与 COVID-19 感染相关的细胞因子风暴综合征的免疫疗法。此外，我们将展示单克隆抗体在 SARS-CoV-2 候选疫苗开发中的作用。此外，我们将重点介绍单克隆抗体在 SARS-CoV-2 抗原检测中的诊断小鼠单克隆抗体作用的最新进展，作为一种准确和快速的诊断检测方法。总之，单克隆抗体是可能的对策，可以通过免疫疗法和疫苗开发以及病毒检测来控制导致 COVID-19 疾病的 SARS-CoV-2。
