Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Innovative Implant Development, Clinics and Institutes of Surgery, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany.
Int J Sports Med. 2021 Sep;42(10):879-888. doi: 10.1055/a-1480-7730. Epub 2021 May 17.
The higher performance level of master athletes compared to non-athletes is often associated with better health throughout life. However, even the physical performance of master athletes declines with age, and this decline accelerates from about the age of 70 years onwards. A progressive loss of muscle mass, declines in force- and power-generating capacity, decreased flexibility, and the concomitant decline in specific tension characterize the muscular changes underlying performance declines. In the cardiovascular system, declines in stroke volume and cardiac output, and cardiac and vascular stiffness contribute to decreasing performance. Recent studies have shown that long-term endurance exercise in master athletes does not only have positive effects, but is associated with an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation, atherosclerotic plaques, and aortic dilation, and even more so in men than in women. Recently, larger longitudinal datasets were analysed and showed that the age-related decline in performance was similar in longitudinal and cross-sectional data. In conclusion, regular physical activity enhances the exercise capacity, and hence quality of life in old age, but it is not without risks.
与非运动员相比，大师运动员的更高表现水平通常与一生的健康状况更好相关。然而，即使是大师运动员的身体表现也会随着年龄的增长而下降，这种下降从大约 70 岁开始加速。肌肉质量的逐渐丧失、力量和功率产生能力的下降、柔韧性的下降以及特定张力的相应下降是导致表现下降的肌肉变化的特征。在心血管系统中，每搏输出量和心输出量的下降以及心脏和血管的僵硬都会导致运动表现下降。最近的研究表明，大师运动员的长期耐力运动不仅有积极的影响，而且还与房颤、动脉粥样硬化斑块和主动脉扩张的发生率增加有关，男性比女性更为明显。最近，对更大的纵向数据集进行了分析，结果表明，运动表现的年龄相关性下降在纵向和横断面数据中是相似的。总之，有规律的体育活动增强了老年人的运动能力，从而提高了他们的生活质量，但并非没有风险。
