Ganse Bergita, Braczynski Anne Kristin, Hoog Antink Christoph, Knobe Matthias, Pohlemann Tim, Degens Hans
Division of Surgery, Werner Siemens Foundation Endowed Chair of Innovative Implant Development, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
Front Physiol. 2021 Sep 28;12:730995. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730995. eCollection 2021.
While physical performance decline rates accelerate after around the age of 70 years, longitudinal athletic performance trends in athletes older than 95 years are unknown. We hypothesized a further accelerated decline in human performance in athletes who still perform at the age of 100 years. To investigate this, longitudinal data of all athletes with results at or over the age of 100 years were collected from the "World Master Rankings" data base spanning 2006-2019 (138 results from 42 athletes; 5 women, 37 men; maximum 105 years) and compared to previously published longitudinal data from 80- to 96-year-old athletes from Sweden (1,134 results from 374 athletes). Regression statistics were used to compare performance decline rates between disciplines and age groups. On average, the individual decline rate of the centenarian group was 2.53 times as steep (100 m: 8.22x; long jump: 0.82x; shot put: 1.61x; discus throw: 1.04x; javelin throw: 0.98x) as that seen in non-centenarians. The steepest increase in decline was found in the 100-m sprint (-test: < 0.05, no sign. difference in the other disciplines). The pooled regression statistics of the centenarians are: 100 m: = 0.57, = 0.004; long jump: = 0.90, < 0.001; shot put: = 0.65, < 0.001; discus throw: = 0.73, < 0.001; javelin throw: = 0.68, < 0.001. This first longitudinal dataset of performance decline rates of athletes who still compete at 100 years and older in five athletics disciplines shows that there is no performance plateau after the age of 90, but rather a further acceleration of the performance decline.
虽然身体机能下降率在70岁左右后加速，但95岁以上运动员的长期运动表现趋势尚不清楚。我们推测，在100岁仍在参赛的运动员中，人类机能会进一步加速下降。为了对此进行研究，我们从2006年至2019年的“世界大师排名”数据库中收集了所有100岁及以上有成绩的运动员的纵向数据（42名运动员的138个成绩；5名女性，37名男性；最大年龄105岁），并与之前发表的来自瑞典的80至96岁运动员的纵向数据（374名运动员的1134个成绩）进行比较。使用回归统计来比较不同项目和年龄组之间的机能下降率。平均而言，百岁老人组的个体下降率是非百岁老人组的2.53倍（100米：8.22倍；跳远：0.82倍；铅球：1.61倍；铁饼：1.04倍；标枪：0.98倍）。下降幅度增加最显著的是100米短跑（检验：<0.05，其他项目无显著差异）。百岁老人的合并回归统计数据为：100米：=0.57，=0.004；跳远：=0.90，<0.001；铅球：=0.65，<0.001；铁饼：=0.73，<0.001；标枪：=0.68，<0.001。这是首个关于100岁及以上仍在五个田径项目中参赛的运动员机能下降率的纵向数据集，表明90岁以后没有机能平稳期，而是机能下降进一步加速。
