Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.
Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2021 Nov;41(7):994-1022. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1898325. Epub 2021 May 18.
Blast diseases, caused by the fungal pathogen , are among the most destructive diseases that occur on at least 50 species of grasses, including cultivated cereals wheat, and rice. Although fungicidal control of blast diseases has widely been researched, development of resistance of the pathogen against commercially available products makes this approach unreliable. Novel approaches such as the application of biopesticides against the blast fungus are needed for sustainable management of this economically important disease. Antagonistic microorganisms, such as fungi and probiotic bacteria from diverse taxonomic genera were found to suppress blast fungi both and . Various classes of secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids of plant and microbial origin significantly inhibit fungal growth and may also be effective in managing blast diseases. Common modes of action of microbial biocontrol agents include: antibiosis, production of lytic enzymes, induction of systemic resistance in host plant, and competition for nutrients or space. However, the precise mechanism of biocontrol of the blast fungus by antagonistic microorganisms and/or their bioactive secondary metabolites is not well understood. Commercial formulations of biocontrol agents and bioactive natural products could be cost-effective and sustainable but their availability at this time is extremely limited. This review updates our knowledge on the infection pathway of the wheat blast fungus, catalogs naturally occurring biocontrol agents that may be effective against blast diseases, and discusses their role in sustainable management of the disease.
由真菌病原体引起的穗疫病是至少 50 种禾本科植物（包括栽培谷物小麦和水稻）上发生的最具破坏性的病害之一。虽然对穗疫病进行了广泛的杀菌控制研究，但病原体对市售产品产生抗性，使得这种方法不可靠。需要采用新型方法，例如应用生物农药来防治稻瘟病菌，以实现对这种具有重要经济意义的病害的可持续管理。已经发现来自不同分类属的拮抗微生物，如真菌和益生菌细菌，既能抑制稻瘟病菌，也能抑制稻瘟病菌。植物和微生物来源的各种类别的次生代谢物，如生物碱、酚类和萜类化合物，显著抑制真菌生长，也可能有效防治穗疫病。微生物生物防治剂的常见作用模式包括：抗生作用、溶菌酶的产生、诱导宿主植物的系统抗性和对养分或空间的竞争。然而，拮抗微生物及其生物活性次生代谢物对稻瘟病菌的生物防治的确切机制尚不清楚。生物防治剂和生物活性天然产物的商业制剂可能具有成本效益和可持续性，但目前它们的供应极其有限。本综述更新了我们对小麦穗疫病病原体感染途径的认识，列出了可能对穗疫病有效的天然存在的生物防治剂，并讨论了它们在该病害可持续管理中的作用。
