Neuropsychology, Inc, Jacksonville FL USA.
Performance Neuropsychology, Frisco TX USA.
Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2021 Jul 19;36(5):686-692. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acab016.
The National Academy of Neuropsychology (NAN), the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN), and the American College of Professional Neuropsychology (ACPN) collaborated to publish an update to their original position statements, confirming the organizations' opposition to third party observer (TPO).
A review of literature addressing TPO effects, ethical standards, professional organization position statements, test publisher policies and new telemedicine developments was completed to obtain consensus on relevant issues in TPO and recording of neuropsychological evaluations.
TPO has been shown to impact the cognitive functions most often assessed in forensic or medicolegal settings. Third party observation, whether in person, recorded or electronic, remains a potential threat to the validity and reliability of evaluation results, and violates test security guidelines, ethical principles and standards of conduct in the field. Demands for TPO in the context of medicolegal or forensic settings have become a tactic designed to limit the ability of the consulting neuropsychologist to perform assessment and provide information to the trier of fact.
The field of neuropsychology opposes the presence of TPO in the setting of medicolegal or forensic neuropsychological evaluations.
国家神经心理学会（NAN）、美国临床神经心理学会（AACN）和美国专业神经心理学会（ACPN）合作发布了对其原始立场声明的更新，确认了这些组织反对第三方观察员（TPO）。
对涉及 TPO 影响、道德标准、专业组织立场声明、测试出版商政策和新远程医疗发展的文献进行了审查，以就 TPO 和神经心理评估记录中的相关问题达成共识。
TPO 已被证明会影响法医或医疗法律环境中最常评估的认知功能。第三方观察，无论是现场、记录还是电子方式，仍然是评估结果有效性和可靠性的潜在威胁，并违反了测试安全性准则、道德原则和该领域的行为标准。在法医或法律环境中对 TPO 的要求已成为一种策略，旨在限制咨询神经心理学家进行评估并向事实裁决者提供信息的能力。
神经心理学领域反对在法医或法律神经心理学评估中存在 TPO。
