Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 6, 162 06, Czechia.
Macromol Biosci. 2021 Aug;21(8):e2100135. doi: 10.1002/mabi.202100135. Epub 2021 May 18.
This paper summarizes the area of biomedicinal polymers, which serve as nanomedicines even though they do not contain any anticancer or antiinflammatory drugs. These polymer nanomedicines with unique design are in the literature highlighted as a novel class of therapeutics called "drug-free macromolecular therapeutics." Their therapeutic efficacy is based on the tailored multiple presentations of biologically active vectors, i.e., peptides, oligopeptides, or oligosaccharides. Thus, they enable, for example, to directly induce the apoptosis of malignant cells by the crosslinking of surface slowly internalizing receptors, or to deplete the efficacy of tumor-associated proteins. The precise biorecognition of natural binding motifs by multiple vectors on the polymer construct remains the crucial part in the designing of these drug-free nanomedicines. Here, the rationales, designs, synthetic approaches, and therapeutic potential of drug-free macromolecular therapeutics consisting of various active vectors are described in detail. Recent developments and achievements for namely B-cell lymphoma treatment, Gal-3-positive tumors, inflammative liver injury, and bacterial treatment are reviewed and highlighted. Finally, a possible future prospect within this highly exciting new field of nanomedicine research is presented.
本文总结了生物医学聚合物领域，这些聚合物即使不含有任何抗癌或抗炎药物，也可作为纳米药物。这些具有独特设计的聚合物纳米药物在文献中被突出为一类新型治疗剂，称为“无药物大分子治疗剂”。它们的治疗效果基于生物活性载体（例如肽、寡肽或寡糖）的多种精心设计的呈现。因此，它们能够通过交联表面缓慢内化的受体直接诱导恶性细胞凋亡，或者耗尽肿瘤相关蛋白的功效。聚合物构建体上的多个载体对天然结合基序的精确生物识别仍然是设计这些无药物纳米药物的关键部分。本文详细描述了由各种活性载体组成的无药物大分子治疗剂的原理、设计、合成方法和治疗潜力。综述并强调了最近在 B 细胞淋巴瘤治疗、Gal-3 阳性肿瘤、炎症性肝损伤和细菌治疗方面的发展和成就。最后，提出了在这个令人兴奋的纳米医学研究新领域中的一个可能的未来展望。
