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成肌纤维细胞后代在创伤生物学和创伤愈合研究中的作用。

Myofibroblast progeny in wound biology and wound healing studies.

机构信息

Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Ramaiah Medical College & Hospitals, Bangalore, India.

出版信息

Wound Repair Regen. 2021 Jul;29(4):531-547. doi: 10.1111/wrr.12937. Epub 2021 May 31.

Abstract

Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts play a myriad of important roles in human tissue function, especially in wound repair and healing. Among all cells, fibroblasts are group of cells that decide the status of wound as they maintain tissue homeostasis. Currently, the increase in the deleterious effects of chronic wound and their morbidity rate has necessitated the need to understand the influence of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which chiefly originate locally from tissue-resident fibroblasts to address the same. Wound pathophysiology is complex, herein, we have discussed fibroblast and myofibroblast heterogeneity in skin and different organs by understanding the phenotypical and functional properties of each of its sub-populations in the process of wound healing. Recent advancements in fibroblast activation, differentiation to myofibroblasts, proliferation and migration are discussed in detail. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are key players in wound healing and wound remodelling, respectively, and their significance in wound repair is discussed. An increased understanding of their biology during wound healing also gives an opportunity to explore more of fibroblast and myofibroblast focused therapies to treat chronic wounds which are clinical challenges. In this regard, in the current review, we have described the different methods for isolation of primary fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from both animal models and humans, and their characterization. Additionally, we have also provided details on possible molecular targets for better understanding of prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of chronic wounds. Information will help both researchers and clinicians in providing molecular insight that enable them for effective chronic wound management. The knowledge of intimate dialogue between the fibroblast, sub-populations like, myofibroblast and their microenvironment, will serve useful in determining novel, efficient and specific therapeutic targets to treat pathological wound conditions.

摘要

成纤维细胞和肌成纤维细胞在人体组织功能中发挥着重要作用,尤其是在伤口修复和愈合方面。在所有细胞中,成纤维细胞是决定伤口状态的细胞群,因为它们维持组织内稳态。目前,慢性伤口的有害影响增加及其发病率的上升,使得有必要了解成纤维细胞和肌成纤维细胞的影响,这些细胞主要来源于组织驻留的成纤维细胞,以解决这一问题。伤口病理生理学非常复杂,在这里,我们通过了解伤口愈合过程中成纤维细胞每个亚群的表型和功能特性,讨论了皮肤和不同器官中成纤维细胞和肌成纤维细胞的异质性。详细讨论了成纤维细胞的激活、向肌成纤维细胞的分化、增殖和迁移的最新进展。成纤维细胞和肌成纤维细胞分别是伤口愈合和伤口重塑的关键参与者,讨论了它们在伤口修复中的意义。在伤口愈合过程中,对其生物学的深入了解也为探索更多针对成纤维细胞和肌成纤维细胞的治疗方法提供了机会,以治疗慢性伤口,这是临床挑战。在这方面,在本综述中,我们描述了从动物模型和人类中分离原代成纤维细胞和肌成纤维细胞及其特征的不同方法。此外,我们还提供了有关可能的分子靶点的详细信息,以便更好地了解慢性伤口的预后、诊断和治疗。这些信息将帮助研究人员和临床医生提供分子见解,使他们能够有效地管理慢性伤口。了解成纤维细胞、肌成纤维细胞等亚群与其微环境之间的密切对话,将有助于确定治疗病理性伤口的新的、有效和特定的治疗靶点。

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