Interleukin-6 in Cerebrospinal Fluid Small Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Biomarker for Prognosis of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe form of stroke characterized by high rates of mortality and disability. Identifying circulating biomarkers is helpful to improve outcomes. In this study, for the first time, we identify interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as potential biomarkers for prognosis of aSAH.

METHODS

We extracted small extracellular vesicles from the CSF of 103 aSAH patients and 40 healthy controls in a prospective observational study. Subsequently, we measured IL-6 levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results were statistically analyzed to determine the function of IL-6 for disease monitoring of aSAH.

RESULTS

CSF IL-6 showed distinct pattern differences between healthy controls and aSAH patients. The concentration of IL-6 in CSF is significantly correlated with the severity of aSAH patients. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of IL-6 for identifying severe aSAH patient from aSAH patients were 0.900. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, IL-6 were associated with neurological outcome at 1 year. IL-6 levels were greater and positively associated with disease processes and outcome.

CONCLUSION

There is a neuroinflammatory cascade in aSAH patients. IL-6 in CSF may be a biomarker for the progression of aSAH.