Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Sep 2;17(9):2903-2913. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1917234. Epub 2021 May 20.
The current study examines differences between COVID-19 vaccine intention and delay. A survey was administered to 585 US respondents in late November 2020 as part of an online longitudinal study. Respondents provided information on whether they would obtain a COVID-19 vaccine, once available, and how long they intended to wait before obtaining it. In the negative intention group, 3.4% reported waiting a few weeks, 34.0% waiting a few months, and 62.6% never getting vaccinated. In multivariable models, social norms were a significant and independent predictor of all vaccine delay and intention models. Vaccine delay was associated with low levels of worry about becoming infected with COVID-19, political conservatism, concerns about vaccine side effects, and low levels of believing a vaccine would be effective. Negative vaccine intentions were associated with worries about becoming infected with COVID-19, concerns about vaccine side effects, beliefs that the vaccines were developed too quickly, and low endorsement of the altruistic belief that older people should have vaccination priority. The study results highlight the importance of a multifactorial approach to assessing vaccine attitudes. The findings suggest that uptake programs should focus on enhancing pro-vaccine norms.
本研究考察了 COVID-19 疫苗接种意愿和延迟接种之间的差异。作为一项在线纵向研究的一部分，2020 年 11 月下旬对 585 名美国受访者进行了调查。受访者提供了他们是否会接种 COVID-19 疫苗（一旦可用）以及他们打算等待多长时间才能接种疫苗的信息。在没有接种意愿的群体中，3.4%的人表示会等待几周，34.0%的人会等待几个月，62.6%的人表示永远不会接种疫苗。在多变量模型中，社会规范是所有疫苗延迟和意愿模型的显著和独立预测因素。疫苗延迟与对感染 COVID-19 的担忧程度低、政治保守主义、对疫苗副作用的担忧以及认为疫苗有效的信念程度低有关。对 COVID-19 感染的担忧、对疫苗副作用的担忧、认为疫苗开发速度过快以及对老年人应优先接种疫苗的利他信念的低认可度与负面疫苗接种意愿有关。研究结果强调了采用多因素方法评估疫苗态度的重要性。研究结果表明，接种计划应侧重于增强支持疫苗的规范。
