Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1311:103-116. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_7.
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms with different biological characteristics. About 90% of all lymphomas in the United States originate from B lymphocytes, while the remaining originate from T cells [1]. The treatment of NHLs depends on the neoplastic histology and stage of the tumor, which will indicate whether radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination is the best suitable treatment [2]. The American Cancer Society describes the staging of lymphoma as follows: Stage I is lymphoma in a single node or area. Stage II is when that lymphoma has spread to another node or organ tissue. Stage III is when it has spread to lymph nodes on two sides of the diaphragm. Stage IV is when cancer has significantly spread to organs outside the lymph system. Radiation therapy is the traditional therapeutic route for localized follicular and mucosa-associated lymphomas. Chemotherapy is utilized for the treatment of large-cell lymphomas and high-grade lymphomas [2]. However, the treatment of indolent lymphomas remains problematic as the patients often have metastasis, for which no standard approach exists [2].
非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）是一组具有不同生物学特性的异质性淋巴肿瘤。在美国，大约 90%的淋巴瘤来源于 B 淋巴细胞，其余的来源于 T 细胞[1]。NHL 的治疗取决于肿瘤的瘤组织学和分期，这将决定放疗、化疗或联合治疗是否是最合适的治疗方法[2]。美国癌症协会（American Cancer Society）将淋巴瘤分期描述如下：I 期是单个淋巴结或区域的淋巴瘤。II 期是淋巴瘤已经扩散到另一个淋巴结或器官组织。III 期是指它已经扩散到横膈膜两侧的淋巴结。IV 期是指癌症已经明显扩散到淋巴系统以外的器官。放射治疗是局部滤泡性和黏膜相关淋巴瘤的传统治疗途径。化疗用于治疗大细胞淋巴瘤和高级别淋巴瘤[2]。然而，惰性淋巴瘤的治疗仍然是一个问题，因为患者通常有转移，而目前尚无标准的治疗方法[2]。
