Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich and Technical University of Munich, Neuherberg, Bavaria 85764, Germany.
Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich and Technical University of Munich, Neuherberg, Bavaria 85764, Germany.
Trends Microbiol. 2022 Feb;30(2):131-142. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.04.007. Epub 2021 May 18.
Gut bacteria play an essential role in the human body by regulating multiple functions, producing essential metabolites, protecting against pathogen invasion, and much more. Conversely, changes in their community structure are linked to several gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI conditions. Fortunately, these bacteria are amenable to external perturbations, but we need specific tools for their safe manipulation as nonspecific changes can cause unpredicted long-term consequences. Here, we mainly discuss recent advances in cultivation-independent technologies and argue their relevance to different key steps, that is, identifying the modulation targets and developing phage-based tools to precisely modulate gut bacteria and restore a sustainable microbiome in humans. We finally suggest multiple modulating strategies for different dysbiosis-associated diseases.
肠道细菌通过调节多种功能、产生必需代谢物、抵御病原体入侵等，在人体中发挥着至关重要的作用。相反，它们群落结构的变化与多种胃肠道（GI）和非胃肠道疾病有关。幸运的是，这些细菌对外界干扰因素具有一定的适应性，但我们需要特定的工具来安全地操控它们，因为非特异性的改变可能会导致不可预测的长期后果。在这里，我们主要讨论了非培养依赖性技术的最新进展，并论证了它们与不同关键步骤的相关性，即确定调节靶点和开发基于噬菌体的工具，以精确调节肠道细菌并在人类中恢复可持续的微生物组。最后，我们针对不同与肠道菌群失调相关的疾病提出了多种调节策略。
