Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
J Infect Public Health. 2021 Jun;14(6):766-771. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.03.008. Epub 2021 Mar 20.
The outbreak of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly become a public health emergency of international concern, especially affecting the elderly people and patients with chronic disease, such as hypertension and respiratory syndromes. Patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment (e.g., bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, monoclonal antibodies, and paclitaxel therapy) are vulnerable to the development of respiratory syndromes induced by chemotherapeutic agents and are also more susceptible to viral infections as they are immunosuppressed. Neutropenia is an important risk factor for increased vulnerability to infections, as a respiratory syndrome involves an array of immune cells maintaining the balance between pathogen clearance and immunopathology. However, the differential diagnosis of pulmonary symptoms in cancer patients is broad, with complications being related to the malignancy itself, treatment toxicity, and infections. The risk factors depend on the specific type of cancer, chemotherapy, patient characteristics, and comorbidities. Thus, this review discusses the main events implicated in immunosuppression caused by chemotherapy and radiation therapy and the association of immunosuppression and other factors with SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility in cancer patients; and, importantly, how to deal with this situation in face of the current pandemic scenario.
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的爆发是由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的，它迅速成为国际关注的公共卫生紧急事件，尤其影响老年人和慢性病患者，如高血压和呼吸系统疾病患者。正在接受化疗治疗的患者（例如，博来霉素、环磷酰胺、甲氨蝶呤、单克隆抗体和紫杉醇治疗）易发生化疗药物引起的呼吸系统疾病，并且由于免疫抑制，更容易感染病毒。中性粒细胞减少症是易感染增加的一个重要危险因素，因为呼吸系统疾病涉及一系列免疫细胞，它们在清除病原体和免疫病理学之间保持平衡。然而，癌症患者肺部症状的鉴别诊断范围很广，并发症与恶性肿瘤本身、治疗毒性和感染有关。风险因素取决于特定类型的癌症、化疗、患者特征和合并症。因此，这篇综述讨论了化疗和放疗引起免疫抑制的主要事件，以及免疫抑制与其他因素与癌症患者 SARS-CoV-2 易感性的关联；重要的是，如何在当前大流行的情况下应对这种情况。
