Stojanovic Marco, Fries Stefan, Grund Axel
Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Dr. phil. habil. Axel Grund Research Scientist Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing - LUCET Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
Front Psychol. 2021 May 7;12:643753. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643753. eCollection 2021.
In this article, we investigate the role of self-efficacy (SE) in intentional habit building. We analyzed event sampling data from a habit building app we created that helps define and track habit data. We used hierarchical growth curve modeling and multilevel mediation to test our hypotheses. In a first study, = 91 university students built new study habits over a period of 6 weeks in a controlled study. We found that the trait-like (Level 2) general self-efficacy predicted automaticity (i.e., habit strength) but not the experience of motivational interference (MI). In a second study with real user data, = 265 idiographic habits have been analyzed. The specific SE associated with these habits - habit-specific self-efficacy (Level 1, HSE) - was measured during habit formation. We found that lagged HSE predicted automaticity and that lagged automaticity predicted HSE, indicating a positive feedback mechanism in habit building. Furthermore, we found that lagged HSE predicted less MI during habit performance. A multilevel mediation analysis showed significant effects of lagged HSE (Level 1) and aggregated HSE (Level 2) on MI, which were both partially mediated by automaticity. These results show the importance of defining the specificity of SE beliefs and how they interact with automaticity in the habit building process.
在本文中，我们研究了自我效能感（SE）在有意养成习惯中的作用。我们分析了来自我们创建的一款习惯养成应用程序的事件抽样数据，该应用程序有助于定义和跟踪习惯数据。我们使用分层生长曲线建模和多层次中介分析来检验我们的假设。在第一项研究中，91名大学生在一项对照研究中用6周时间养成了新的学习习惯。我们发现，特质类（第2层）一般自我效能感预测了自动化程度（即习惯强度），但没有预测到动机干扰（MI）的体验。在第二项使用真实用户数据的研究中，分析了265种个性化习惯。在习惯形成过程中测量了与这些习惯相关的特定自我效能感——习惯特定自我效能感（第1层，HSE）。我们发现，滞后的HSE预测了自动化程度，而滞后的自动化程度又预测了HSE，这表明在习惯养成中存在一种正反馈机制。此外，我们发现滞后的HSE预测了习惯执行过程中较少的MI。多层次中介分析表明，滞后的HSE（第1层）和聚合的HSE（第2层）对MI有显著影响，且二者均部分由自动化程度介导。这些结果表明了定义自我效能感信念的特异性以及它们在习惯养成过程中如何与自动化程度相互作用的重要性。
