Łysoń-Uklańska Barbara, Błażkiewicz Michalina, Kwacz Monika, Wit Andrzej
The Józef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland.
Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw, Poland.
J Hum Kinet. 2021 Mar 31;78:5-14. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0026. eCollection 2021 Mar.
Optimal release variables, as well as the kinematics and kinetics of athletes, are crucial for the maximization of throwing distance in athletics. Mathematical models and simulations allow throwing techniques to be studied. However, muscle force patterns and the contribution of specific muscle groups in athletics throwing events are not well understood and require detailed research. In this study, important variables of the muscle force generated during the javelin, discus and shot put events were determined using OpenSim software. Musculoskeletal simulations were carried out based on kinematic and kinetic data collected using the Vicon system and Kistler plates with the help of nine top Polish athletes (three in each event). OpenSim software was used to calculate muscle forces and joint velocities. For each discipline, it was found that the main muscle groups involved in the throwing movement were better at distinguishing throwers than joint velocities. The contribution of right ankle plantar flexors at the beginning of the final acceleration phase as well as left hip extensors at the end of the final acceleration phase was given special attention. This work provides a better understanding of the techniques used in athletics throws. Musculoskeletal simulations of throwing styles might help coaches analyze the techniques of individual athletes, resulting in better adjustment of training programmes and injury prevention protocols.
最佳释放变量以及运动员的运动学和动力学，对于田径运动中投掷距离的最大化至关重要。数学模型和模拟使得投掷技术得以研究。然而，田径投掷项目中肌肉力量模式以及特定肌肉群的贡献尚未得到充分理解，需要进行详细研究。在本研究中，使用OpenSim软件确定了标枪、铁饼和铅球项目中产生的肌肉力量的重要变量。借助九名波兰顶级运动员（每个项目三名），基于使用Vicon系统和奇石乐测力台收集的运动学和动力学数据进行了肌肉骨骼模拟。使用OpenSim软件计算肌肉力量和关节速度。对于每个项目，发现参与投掷动作的主要肌肉群在区分投掷者方面比关节速度更具优势。特别关注了最后加速阶段开始时右踝跖屈肌以及最后加速阶段结束时左髋伸肌的贡献。这项工作有助于更好地理解田径投掷项目中所使用的技术。投掷风格的肌肉骨骼模拟可能有助于教练分析个别运动员的技术，从而更好地调整训练计划和预防损伤方案。
