Wang Yan-Ping, Wu E-Jiao, Lurwanu Yahuza, Ding Ji-Peng, He Dun-Chun, Waheed Abdul, Nkurikiyimfura Oswald, Liu Shi-Ting, Li Wen-Yang, Wang Zong-Hua, Yang Lina, Zhan Jiasui
Key lab for Bio pesticide and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China.
Department of Crop Protection Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Mar 18;11(10):5484-5496. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7442. eCollection 2021 May.
Genetic variation plays a fundamental role in pathogen's adaptation to environmental stresses. Pathogens with low genetic variation tend to survive and proliferate more poorly due to their lack of genotypic/phenotypic polymorphisms in responding to fluctuating environments. Evolutionary theory hypothesizes that the adaptive disadvantage of genes with low genomic variation can be compensated for structural diversity of proteins through post-translation modification (PTM) but this theory is rarely tested experimentally and its implication to sustainable disease management is hardly discussed. In this study, we analyzed nucleotide characteristics of eukaryotic translation elongation factor-1α (eEF-lα) gene from 165 isolates and the physical and chemical properties of its derived proteins. We found a low sequence variation of eEF-lα protein, possibly attributable to purifying selection and a lack of intra-genic recombination rather than reduced mutation. In the only two isoforms detected by the study, the major one accounted for >95% of the pathogen collection and displayed a significantly higher fitness than the minor one. High lysine representation enhances the opportunity of the eEF-1α protein to be methylated and the absence of disulfide bonds is consistent with the structural prediction showing that many disordered regions are existed in the protein. Methylation, structural disordering, and possibly other PTMs ensure the ability of the protein to modify its functions during biological, cellular and biochemical processes, and compensate for its adaptive disadvantage caused by sequence conservation. Our results indicate that PTMs may function synergistically with nucleotide codes to regulate the adaptive landscape of eEF-1α, possibly as well as other housekeeping genes, in . Compensatory evolution between pre- and post-translational phase in eEF-1α could enable pathogens quickly adapting to disease management strategies while efficiently maintaining critical roles of the protein playing in biological, cellular, and biochemical activities. Implications of these results to sustainable plant disease management are discussed.
遗传变异在病原体适应环境压力方面起着至关重要的作用。遗传变异低的病原体由于在应对波动环境时缺乏基因型/表型多态性，往往生存和增殖能力较差。进化理论推测，基因组变异低的基因的适应性劣势可以通过翻译后修饰（PTM）产生的蛋白质结构多样性来弥补，但这一理论很少经过实验验证，其对可持续疾病管理的意义也鲜有讨论。在本研究中，我们分析了165个分离株的真核翻译延伸因子-1α（eEF-1α）基因的核苷酸特征及其衍生蛋白质的理化性质。我们发现eEF-1α蛋白的序列变异较低，这可能归因于纯化选择和基因内重组的缺乏，而非突变减少。在本研究检测到的仅有的两种同工型中，主要的一种占病原体样本的95%以上，并且显示出比次要的一种显著更高的适应性。高赖氨酸含量增加了eEF-1α蛋白甲基化的机会，并且不存在二硫键与结构预测一致，表明该蛋白中存在许多无序区域。甲基化、结构无序以及可能的其他PTM确保了该蛋白在生物、细胞和生化过程中改变其功能的能力，并弥补了由序列保守性导致的适应性劣势。我们的结果表明，PTM可能与核苷酸编码协同作用，以调节eEF-1α以及可能还有其他管家基因的适应性格局。eEF-1α翻译前和翻译后阶段之间的补偿性进化可以使病原体快速适应疾病管理策略，同时有效地维持该蛋白在生物、细胞和生化活动中发挥的关键作用。讨论了这些结果对可持续植物病害管理的意义。
