Yang Li-Na, Ouyang Haibing, Nkurikiyimfura Oswald, Fang Hanmei, Waheed Abdul, Li Wenyang, Wang Yan-Ping, Zhan Jiasui
Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China.
Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Sep 8;13:972928. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.972928. eCollection 2022.
Effector genes, together with climatic and other environmental factors, play multifaceted roles in the development of plant diseases. Understanding the role of environmental factors, particularly climate conditions affecting the evolution of effector genes, is important for predicting the long-term value of the genes in controlling agricultural diseases. Here, we collected populations from five locations along a mountainous hill in China and sequenced the effector gene from >300 isolates. To minimize the influence of other ecological factors, isolates were sampled from the same potato cultivar on the same day. We also expressed the gene to visualise its cellular location, assayed its pathogenicity and evaluated its response to experimental temperatures. We found that exhibited moderate genetic variation at the nucleotide level which was mainly generated by point mutation. The mutations did not change the cellular location of the effector gene but significantly modified the fitness of . Genetic variation and pathogenicity of the effector gene were positively associated with the altitude of sample sites, possibly due to increased mutation rate induced by the vertical distribution of environmental factors such as UV radiation and temperature. We further found that expression was regulated by experimental temperature with reduced expression as experimental temperature increased. Together, these results indicate that UV radiation and temperature are important environmental factors regulating the evolution of effector genes and provide us with considerable insight as to their future sustainable action under climate and other environmental change.
效应基因与气候及其他环境因素共同在植物病害发展中发挥多方面作用。了解环境因素的作用，尤其是影响效应基因进化的气候条件，对于预测这些基因在控制农业病害方面的长期价值至关重要。在此，我们从中国一座山区的五个地点采集了样本群体，并对300多个分离株的效应基因进行了测序。为尽量减少其他生态因素的影响，在同一天从同一马铃薯品种中采集分离株。我们还表达了该基因以观察其细胞定位，测定其致病性并评估其对实验温度的反应。我们发现该基因在核苷酸水平表现出中等程度的遗传变异，主要由点突变产生。这些突变并未改变效应基因的细胞定位，但显著改变了该基因的适应性。效应基因的遗传变异和致病性与采样地点的海拔高度呈正相关，这可能是由于紫外线辐射和温度等环境因素的垂直分布导致突变率增加所致。我们进一步发现该基因的表达受实验温度调控，随着实验温度升高表达降低。这些结果共同表明，紫外线辐射和温度是调节效应基因进化的重要环境因素，并为我们了解它们在气候和其他环境变化下未来的可持续作用提供了相当多的见解。
