Mendoza-Roldan Jairo Alfonso, Mendoza-Roldan Miguel Angel, Otranto Domenico
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
Independent Veterinarian, Mar y tierra, Agost, Alicante, Spain.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2021 Apr 22;15:132-142. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.04.007. eCollection 2021 Aug.
Reptile vector-borne diseases (RVBDs) of zoonotic concern are caused by bacteria, protozoa and viruses transmitted by arthropod vectors, which belong to the subclass Acarina (mites and ticks) and the order Diptera (mosquitoes, sand flies and tsetse flies). The phyletic age of reptiles since their origin in the late Carboniferous, has favored vectors and pathogens to co-evolve through millions of years, bridging to the present host-vector-pathogen interactions. The origin of vector-borne diseases is dated to the early cretaceous with Trypanosomatidae species in extinct sand flies, ancestral of modern protozoan hemoparasites of zoonotic concern (e.g., and ) associated to reptiles. Bacterial RVBDs are represented by microorganisms also affecting mammals of the genera , , and , most of them having reptilian clades. Finally, reptiles may play an important role as reservoirs of arborivuses, given the low host specificity of anthropophilic mosquitoes and sand flies. In this review, vector-borne pathogens of zoonotic concern from reptiles are discussed, as well as the interactions between reptiles, arthropod vectors and the zoonotic pathogens they may transmit.
具有人畜共患病风险的爬行动物媒介传播疾病（RVBDs）是由节肢动物媒介传播的细菌、原生动物和病毒引起的，这些媒介属于蜱螨亚纲（螨和蜱）和双翅目（蚊子、白蛉和采采蝇）。自石炭纪晚期起源以来，爬行动物的系统发育年代有利于媒介和病原体历经数百万年共同进化，形成了如今的宿主-媒介-病原体相互作用。媒介传播疾病的起源可追溯到白垩纪早期，当时已灭绝的白蛉体内存在锥虫科物种，这些物种是如今具有人畜共患病风险的原生动物血液寄生虫（如 和 ）的祖先，与爬行动物有关。细菌性RVBDs由同样影响 属、 属、 属和 属哺乳动物的微生物代表，其中大多数具有爬行动物分支。最后，鉴于嗜人蚊子和白蛉的宿主特异性较低，爬行动物可能作为虫媒病毒的重要宿主。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了来自爬行动物的具有人畜共患病风险的媒介传播病原体，以及爬行动物、节肢动物媒介和它们可能传播的人畜共患病原体之间的相互作用。
