赞比亚关于媒介传播动物源性人畜共患病病原体的现有知识：在新发和再现传染病之后加强“同一健康”研究的紧急呼吁。
Current knowledge of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens in Zambia: A clarion call to scaling-up "One Health" research in the wake of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
机构信息
Department of Wildlife Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia.
出版信息
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Feb 4;16(2):e0010193. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010193. eCollection 2022 Feb.
BACKGROUND
Although vector-borne zoonotic diseases are a major public health threat globally, they are usually neglected, especially among resource-constrained countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa. This scoping review examined the current knowledge and identified research gaps of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens in Zambia.
METHODS AND FINDINGS
Major scientific databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, CABI, Scientific Information Database (SID)) were searched for articles describing vector-borne (mosquitoes, ticks, fleas and tsetse flies) zoonotic pathogens in Zambia. Several mosquito-borne arboviruses have been reported including Yellow fever, Ntaya, Mayaro, Dengue, Zika, West Nile, Chikungunya, Sindbis, and Rift Valley fever viruses. Flea-borne zoonotic pathogens reported include Yersinia pestis and Rickettsia felis. Trypanosoma sp. was the only tsetse fly-borne pathogen identified. Further, tick-borne zoonotic pathogens reported included Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever virus, Rickettsia sp., Anaplasma sp., Ehrlichia sp., Borrelia sp., and Coxiella burnetii.
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed the presence of many vector-borne zoonotic pathogens circulating in vectors and animals in Zambia. Though reports of human clinical cases were limited, several serological studies provided considerable evidence of zoonotic transmission of vector-borne pathogens in humans. However, the disease burden in humans attributable to vector-borne zoonotic infections could not be ascertained from the available reports and this precludes the formulation of national policies that could help in the control and mitigation of the impact of these diseases in Zambia. Therefore, there is an urgent need to scale-up "One Health" research in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases to enable the country to prepare for future epidemics, including pandemics.
背景
尽管虫媒传染病是全球主要的公共卫生威胁，但这些疾病通常被忽视，尤其是在资源有限的国家，包括撒哈拉以南非洲国家。本范围综述检查了赞比亚目前关于虫媒传染病病原体的知识，并确定了研究差距。
方法和发现
主要科学数据库（Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus、Google Scholar、CABI、科学信息数据库（SID））被用来搜索描述赞比亚的虫媒（蚊子、蜱、跳蚤和采采蝇）动物传染病病原体的文章。已经报告了几种蚊媒虫媒病毒，包括黄热病、Ntaya、马亚罗、登革热、寨卡、西尼罗河、基孔肯雅热、辛德毕斯和裂谷热病毒。报告的跳蚤传播的动物传染病病原体包括鼠疫耶尔森菌和猫立克次体。只有一种采采蝇传播的病原体是锥虫。此外，报告的蜱传播的动物传染病病原体包括克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒、立克次体、无形体、埃立克体、巴尔通体和贝氏柯克斯体。
结论
本研究表明，许多虫媒动物传染病病原体在赞比亚的媒介和动物中循环。尽管人类临床病例的报告有限，但几项血清学研究提供了大量证据表明人类中存在虫媒传染病病原体的动物传播。然而，从现有的报告中无法确定人类因虫媒动物传染病感染而导致的疾病负担，这使得无法制定国家政策来帮助控制和减轻这些疾病在赞比亚的影响。因此，迫切需要扩大“One Health”在新发和再发传染病研究中的规模，使该国能够为未来的疫情（包括大流行）做好准备。
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