European Centre for Environment and Human Health, 3286University of Exeter Medical School, UK.
Dementia (London). 2021 Nov;20(8):2876-2890. doi: 10.1177/14713012211020143. Epub 2021 May 23.
Montessori-Based Programming (MBP) in dementia care refers to a growing body of research and practice that has developed Montessori methods to facilitate self-paced learning, independence and engagement for people living with dementia. A number of research gaps have been identified in the existing literature such as a lack of cross-cultural studies and well-powered, robustly designed outcome studies. The current study investigated the use of MBP with a focus on provision in the United Kingdom. It aimed to identify MBP implementation approaches, challenges and barriers, and research gaps.
A qualitative design was implemented to analyse data from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders ( = 8) with experience of MBP in the UK. Participants included care home management and staff, MBP trainers and independent dementia experts with a background in Montessori methods. Thematic analysis identified 4 main themes and 12 sub-themes. The study took place between April 2019 and October 2019.
A framework describing knowledge and understanding of MBP in the UK, implementation considerations, challenges and barriers, evidence of outcomes and research gaps was developed to provide guidance for researchers and practitioners. Implementation considerations included using a whole-home approach and changing the culture of care through management support. Barriers to implementation included conservative attitudes to care, perceived lack of time and resources, health and safety issues, and issues of sustainability.
The benefits of MBP in dementia care are promising but require further empirical investigation. There is a need to design, execute and publish evidence to secure the support of key stakeholders in dementia care research, policy and commissioning in the UK.
蒙台梭利为基础的编程（MBP）在痴呆症护理中是指越来越多的研究和实践，这些研究和实践已经开发了蒙台梭利方法，以促进自主学习、独立性和参与感，为患有痴呆症的人提供服务。现有文献中已经确定了一些研究空白，例如缺乏跨文化研究和强有力的、精心设计的结果研究。本研究调查了 MBP 的使用情况，重点是在英国的供应情况。它旨在确定 MBP 的实施方法、挑战和障碍，以及研究空白。
采用定性设计，对 8 名具有英国 MBP 经验的主要利益相关者（包括养老院管理人员和工作人员、MBP 培训师以及具有蒙台梭利方法背景的独立痴呆症专家）的深入半结构化访谈进行了数据分析。主题分析确定了 4 个主要主题和 12 个次要主题。研究于 2019 年 4 月至 2019 年 10 月进行。
制定了一个描述英国 MBP 的知识和理解、实施考虑因素、挑战和障碍、结果证据和研究空白的框架，为研究人员和实践者提供指导。实施考虑因素包括采用整体家庭方法和通过管理支持改变护理文化。实施的障碍包括对护理的保守态度、缺乏时间和资源的感知、健康和安全问题以及可持续性问题。
MBP 在痴呆症护理中的益处很有前景，但需要进一步的实证研究。需要设计、执行和发布证据，以获得英国痴呆症护理研究、政策和委托的主要利益相关者的支持。
