Joint Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University and Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (NEAU-MPICI), Harbin 150030, China.
Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
Chem Soc Rev. 2021 May 24;50(10):6221-6239. doi: 10.1039/d0cs01363c.
The chemistry of humic substances (HSs) occurs hidden from our sight, but is of key importance to agriculture and the environment, and nowadays even to medicine and technology. HSs are nowadays not only natural, but extracted and engineered, and in the past 20 years such products have been widely used in soil improvement and environment governance. In this review, we collate and summarize the applications and working principles of such HSs in agriculture and environmental ecology, mainly to elaborate the multiple roles of this functional polymer along with physical chemical quantification. Then several of the latest synthesis technologies, including hydrothermal humification technology (HTH), hydrothermal carbonization technology (HTC) and hydrogen peroxide oxidation technology (HOT) are presented, which were introduced to prepare artificial humic substances (A-HSs). The availability of reproducible and tunable synthetic A-HSs is a new chemical tool, and effects such as solubilization of insoluble phosphorus minerals, recovery of phosphorus, improvement of soil fertility for crop growth and reduction of toxicity of typical pollutants, can now be analyzed in detail and quantified. As a result, we can provide an effective chemical technology for utilizing biomass side products ("biowaste") to generate A-HSs of different types, thus realizing improvement in agricultural production and control of environmental pollution by the macro-synthesis of A-HSs-.
腐殖质物质（HSs）的化学性质隐藏在我们的视线之外，但对农业和环境至关重要，如今甚至对医学和技术也很重要。HSs 如今不仅是天然的，而且是经过提取和设计的，在过去的 20 年中，此类产品已被广泛用于土壤改良和环境治理。在这篇综述中，我们整理和总结了 HSs 在农业和环境生态学中的应用和工作原理，主要阐述了这种功能聚合物的多种作用以及物理化学量化。然后介绍了几种最新的合成技术，包括水热腐殖化技术（HTH）、水热碳化技术（HTC）和过氧化氢氧化技术（HOT），这些技术被用来制备人工腐殖质（A-HSs）。可重复和可调的合成 A-HSs 的可用性是一种新的化学工具，现在可以详细分析和量化其溶解不溶性磷矿物、回收磷、提高作物生长的土壤肥力和降低典型污染物毒性等效果。因此，我们可以为利用生物质副产品（“生物废料”）来生成不同类型的 A-HSs 提供有效的化学技术，从而通过 A-HSs 的宏观合成来实现农业生产的改善和环境污染的控制。
