CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Aix-Marseille Univ, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, 13108, France.
School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
New Phytol. 2021 Aug;231(4):1359-1364. doi: 10.1111/nph.17505. Epub 2021 Jun 17.
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous and specialized organelles in eukaryotic cells. Consisting of a triacylglycerol core surrounded by a monolayer of membrane lipids, LDs are decorated with proteins and have myriad functions, from carbon/energy storage to membrane lipid remodeling and signal transduction. The biogenesis and turnover of LDs are therefore tightly coordinated with cellular metabolic needs in a fluctuating environment. Lipid droplet turnover requires remodeling of the protein coat, lipolysis, autophagy and fatty acid β-oxidation. Several key components of these processes have been identified in Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), including the major lipid droplet protein, a CXC-domain containing regulatory protein, the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding DTH1 (DELAYED IN TAG HYDROLYSIS1), two lipases and two enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. Here, we review LD turnover and discuss its physiological significance in Chlamydomonas, a major model green microalga in research on algal oil.
脂滴（LDs）是真核细胞中普遍存在的、具有特殊功能的细胞器。由一个甘油三酯核心被单层膜脂包围组成，LDs 上还装饰着多种蛋白质，具有从碳/能量储存到膜脂重塑和信号转导等多种功能。因此，LD 的生物发生和周转与细胞在波动环境中的代谢需求密切协调。LD 的周转需要蛋白质外壳的重塑、脂解、自噬和脂肪酸β-氧化。在衣藻（Chlamydomonas reinhardtii）中已经鉴定出这些过程的几个关键成分，包括主要的脂滴蛋白、含有 CXC 结构域的调节蛋白、二氢甘油三酯水解延迟 1（DELAYED IN TAG HYDROLYSIS1）、两种脂酶和两种参与脂肪酸β-氧化的酶。在这里，我们综述了 LD 的周转，并讨论了其在衣藻中的生理意义，衣藻是研究藻类油脂的主要模式绿藻。
