Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CNB-CSIC) Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CNB-CSIC) Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, CSIC-UMH, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Oct;118:24-34. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.011. Epub 2021 May 24.
The cerebral cortex is responsible for the higher-order functions of the brain such as planning, cognition, or social behaviour. It provides us with the capacity to interact with and transform our world. The substrates of cortical functions are complex neural circuits that arise during development from the dynamic remodelling and progressive specialization of immature undefined networks. Here, we review the genetic and activity-dependent mechanisms of cortical wiring focussing on the importance of their interaction. Cortical circuits emerge from an initial set of neuronal types that engage in sequential forms of embryonic and postnatal activity. Such activities further complement the cells' genetic programs, increasing neuronal diversity and modifying the electrical properties while promoting selective connectivity. After a temporal window of enhanced plasticity, the main features of mature circuits are established. Failures in these processes can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders whose treatment remains elusive. However, a deeper dissection of cortical wiring will pave the way for innovative therapies.
大脑皮层负责大脑的高级功能，如规划、认知或社交行为。它使我们能够与世界互动并改变世界。皮质功能的基质是复杂的神经回路，它们在发育过程中由不成熟的未定义网络的动态重塑和渐进专业化产生。在这里，我们回顾了皮质布线的遗传和活动依赖性机制，重点关注它们相互作用的重要性。皮质回路源自一组初始的神经元类型，它们参与胚胎和产后活动的顺序形式。这种活动进一步补充了细胞的遗传程序，增加了神经元的多样性，并在促进选择性连接的同时改变了电特性。在增强可塑性的时间窗口之后，成熟回路的主要特征得以建立。这些过程中的失败可能导致神经发育障碍，其治疗方法仍难以捉摸。然而，对皮质布线的更深入剖析将为创新疗法铺平道路。
