[Characteristics and Drivers of Dissolved Carbon Dioxide and Methane Concentrations in the Nantiaoxi River System in the Upper Reaches of the Taihu Lake Basin During Summer-Autumn].

Inland waters are vital sinks for active carbon (C) and potential sources of greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, the characteristics of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH) concentrations in the Nantiaoxi River system in the upper reaches of the Taihu Lake basin were observed between Jul. 2019 and Nov. 2019 (summer and autumn) using headspace equilibration-gas chromatography. Simultaneously, physical and chemical parameters were also determined to understand the factors influencing dissolved CO and CH concentrations. The results showed that the mean dissolved CO concentrations and saturation levels in water were (505.47±16.99) μg·L and (256.31±8.32)%, respectively, and the corresponding values for CH were (1.88±0.09) μg·L and (5218.74±264.30)%, respectively. The saturation levels of dissolved CO and CH at all observation points were greater than 100%, indicating that the Nantiaoxi River system is a potential source of CO and CH. The highest mean dissolved CO concentrations in water were found in agricultural areas followed by residential and forest areas, and there were significant differences among the three land-use types. The mean dissolved CH concentrations in the water in residential areas were significantly higher than those in agricultural area forest areas. The dissolved CO concentrations, saturation levels of CO, dissolved CH concentrations, and saturation levels of CH in water were all negatively correlated with oxidation reduction potential (ORP) (<0.01) and positively correlated with electrical conductivity (EC) (<0.01). The discrepancies in chlorophyll (Chl-a), nitrate (NO-N), total nitrogen (TN), and EC were the main reasons for differences in dissolved CO concentrations among the different land use types. Phytoplankton growth could be promoted by the higher input of nitrogen pollutants into rivers in agricultural and residential areas, and respiration could be also enhanced, resulting in higher dissolved CO concentrations. The higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ammonium nitrogen (NH-N) in the water, and the water temperature in residential areas, were probably the main causes of the higher dissolved CH concentrations. Rainfall also had some influence on dissolved CO and CH concentrations in the water associated with the different land use types. Specifically, higher concentrations of nitrogen pollutants and the enhancement of DOC were the main drivers of high dissolved CO concentrations in agricultural areas as well as the higher dissolved CH concentrations in residential areas following rainfall events.