Mohebbi Nilufar
Praxis und Dialysezentrum Zürich-City AG, Zürich.
Ther Umsch. 2021 Jun;78(5):223-227. doi: 10.1024/0040-5930/a001264.
Risk factors for urolithiasis The prevalence and incidence of kidney stones has continuously increased over the last years. Recent evidence suggests that kidney stones have a substantial morbidity including chronic kidney disease and end stage kidney disease as well as significantly increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Thus, risk stratification - especially of high-risk patients - is mandatory in the management of kidney stone patients. There is a huge variety in risk factors for nephrolithiasis including general factors (such as young age at manifestation, familial disposition), genetic or acquired diseases with risk of stone formation, drugs etc. Several prediction scores have been developed to assess recurrence risk in kidney stone formers. However, only very few studies have investigated these tools and more evidence is needed in future to proof if these scores reliably predict stone recurrence risk.
尿石症的危险因素 在过去几年中，肾结石的患病率和发病率持续上升。最近的证据表明，肾结石具有较高的发病率，包括慢性肾脏病和终末期肾病，以及心血管疾病风险的显著增加。因此，在肾结石患者的管理中，风险分层——尤其是对高危患者——是必不可少的。肾结石的危险因素多种多样，包括一般因素（如发病时年龄较轻、家族倾向）、有结石形成风险的遗传性或后天性疾病、药物等。已经开发了几种预测评分来评估肾结石患者的复发风险。然而，只有极少数研究对这些工具进行了调查，未来还需要更多证据来证明这些评分是否能可靠地预测结石复发风险。
