Wagner Carsten A
Institute of Physiology. University of Zurich. Zurich. Switzerland. National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney. CH. Switzerland. European Association of Urology. Section of Urolithiasis (EULIS).
Arch Esp Urol. 2021 Jan;74(1):16-23.
Kidney stone disease affects 1 in 10 persons at least once per life-time worldwide, in 2% the disease is recurrent. For the individual stone disease can be painful and lead even to chronic kidney disease, while the costs for the health system and economy can be very high. Thus, factors causing stone disease need to be identified in order to prevent or reduce the incidence of disease.
This review will discuss major risk factors contributing to stone disease with special emphasis on genetic and dietary risk factors. RESULTS: Stone disease is multifactorial with a strong genetic component, gender-specific risks and prevalence, and a modifiable contribution of nutrition. The different factors contributing to the risk for developing stones are discussed.
Urolithiasis is a frequent disorder affecting almost 10% of the population with a high risk of recurrence. Treatment and prevention have to be tailored to the individual causes of disease and require an assessment of underlying predispositions and interacting modifiable environmental factors.
全球范围内，每10人中就有1人在一生中至少患过一次肾结石病，其中2%的病例会复发。对于个体而言，结石病会引起疼痛，甚至会导致慢性肾病，同时给卫生系统和经济带来的成本可能非常高昂。因此，需要确定导致结石病的因素，以预防或降低疾病的发病率。
本综述将讨论导致结石病的主要风险因素，特别强调遗传和饮食风险因素。
结石病是多因素导致的，具有很强的遗传成分、特定性别的风险和患病率，以及营养方面可改变的影响。文中讨论了导致结石形成风险的不同因素。
尿石症是一种常见疾病，影响着近10%的人口，复发风险很高。治疗和预防必须根据个体病因进行调整，需要评估潜在的易患因素和相互作用的可改变环境因素。
