Heard D J, Kollias G V, Webb A I, Jacobson E R, Brock K A
Department of Special Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1988 Jul 15;193(2):254-6.
Sixteen 3- to 5-year-old African elephants were anesthetized one or more times for a total of 27 diagnostic and surgical procedures. Xylazine (0.1 +/- 0.04 mg/kg of body weight, mean +/- SD) and ketamine (0.6 +/- 0.13 mg/kg) administered IM induced good chemical restraint in standing juvenile elephants during a 45-minute transport period before administration of general anesthesia. After IM or IV administration of etorphine (1.9 +/- 0.56 micrograms/kg), the mean time to lateral recumbency was 20 +/- 6.6 and 3 +/- 0.0 minutes, respectively. The mean heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and respiration rate during all procedures was 50 +/- 12 beats/min, 106 +/- 19 mm of Hg, and 10 +/- 3 breaths/min, respectively. Cardiac arrhythmias were detected during 2 procedures. One elephant with hypotension responded to a decrease in the concentration of halothane and IV infusion of dobutamine HCl. Alterations in systolic blood pressure, ear flapping, and trunk muscle tone were useful for monitoring depth of anesthesia. Results indicated that halothane in oxygen was effective for maintenance of surgical anesthesia in juvenile African elephants after induction with etorphine.
16头3至5岁的非洲象接受了一次或多次麻醉，总共进行了27项诊断和外科手术。在全身麻醉前的45分钟运输期间，肌肉注射甲苯噻嗪（0.1±0.04毫克/千克体重，平均值±标准差）和氯胺酮（0.6±0.13毫克/千克）能使站立的幼年象获得良好的化学保定效果。肌肉注射或静脉注射埃托啡（1.9±0.56微克/千克）后，侧卧的平均时间分别为20±6.6分钟和3±0.0分钟。所有手术过程中的平均心率、收缩压和呼吸频率分别为50±12次/分钟、106±19毫米汞柱和10±3次/分钟。在2次手术中检测到心律失常。一头低血压大象对氟烷浓度降低和静脉输注盐酸多巴酚丁胺有反应。收缩压变化、扇耳和象鼻肌张力变化有助于监测麻醉深度。结果表明，用埃托啡诱导后，氧气中的氟烷对维持幼年非洲象的外科麻醉有效。
