Dunlop C I, Hodgson D S, Cambre R C, Kenny D E, Martin H D
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1994 Nov 15;205(10):1439-44.
An adult 3,500-kg female African elephant was anesthetized 3 times for treatment of subcutaneous fistulas over the lateral aspect of each cubitus (anesthesia 1 and 2) and for repair of a fractured tusk (anesthesia 3). Lateral recumbency and anesthesia were achieved with etorphine (anesthesia 1 and 2) or etorphine and azaperone (anesthesia 3). The elephant's trachea was intubated and anesthesia was maintained by use of isoflurane and oxygen delivered via 2 standard large animal anesthesia machines joined in parallel. The range of total recumbency time was 2.4 to 3.3 hours. Breathing and heart rates, systemic arterial pressure, rectal temperature, PaO2, pH, and end-tidal gases were monitored. After administration of etorphine, measurements were made while the air-breathing elephant was recumbent, then every 5 minutes (cardiovascular) or 15 minutes (blood gases) after commencement of administration of isoflurane and oxygen. Tachycardia and hypertension were detected after administration of etorphine, but heart rate and systemic arterial pressure decreased to within normal ranges after administration of isoflurane and oxygen. The elephant remained well oxygenated while anesthetized and breathing a high oxygen mixture. The elephant had an uneventful recovery from each anesthesia.
一头体重3500千克的成年雌性非洲象接受了3次麻醉，分别用于治疗两侧肘外侧的皮下瘘管（麻醉1和麻醉2）以及修复折断的象牙（麻醉3）。采用埃托啡（麻醉1和麻醉2）或埃托啡与阿扎哌隆（麻醉3）使大象侧卧并实现麻醉。通过插入大象的气管，并使用两台并联的标准大型动物麻醉机输送异氟烷和氧气来维持麻醉。总侧卧时间为2.4至3.3小时。监测呼吸和心率、体动脉压、直肠温度、动脉血氧分压、pH值和呼气末气体。注射埃托啡后，在大象呼吸空气侧卧时进行测量，然后在开始注射异氟烷和氧气后每隔5分钟（心血管参数）或15分钟（血气）测量一次。注射埃托啡后出现心动过速和高血压，但注射异氟烷和氧气后心率和体动脉压降至正常范围。在麻醉期间呼吸高氧混合气时，大象保持良好的氧合状态。每次麻醉后大象恢复顺利。
