Liao C X, Huang D M, Hu H S, Luo W T, Wu L T, Zhu H Q, Sun B Q
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120,China.
Department of Pediatrics,Boai Hospital of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan 528400, China.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2021 May 6;55(5):613-619. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20201217-01467.
To investigate the common allergens in children with respiratory allergic diseases in Guangdong and provide the basis for preventing and treating respiratory allergic diseases. A total of 254 serum samples were collected retrospectively from children with allergic rhinitis and (or) asthma in the pediatric clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University or Boai Hospital of Zhongshan City from August 2019 to August 2020 and tested positive for at least one allergens by ImmunoCAP 1000 or skin prick test. There were 173 males and 81 females, with a median age (interquartile interval) of 7 (4.00, 9.75) years. Specific IgE against eighteen common allergen were tested by magnetic particle chemiluminescence immunoassay. Statistical analysis using χ test. The positive rate of (85.0%, 215/254) was the highest, followed by (83.5%, 212/254), egg white (19.3%, 49/254), milk (14.6%, 37/254), German cockroach (14.2%, 36/254) and ox-eye daisy (12.6%, 32/254). Dust mites were the most common allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis / allergic asthma / allergic rhinitis and asthma. The positive rates of (95.4% vs. 91.7% vs. 71.0%, χ=23.257, <0.001), (95.4% vs. 90.6% vs. 67.7%, χ=26.916, <0.001), mugwort (10.8% vs. 9.4% vs. 1.1%, χ=7.535, =0.023), and ox-eye daisy (21.5% vs. 14.6% vs. 4.3%, χ=10.876, =0.004) in allergic rhinitis combined with asthma group and allergic rhinitis group were significantly higher than those in allergic rhinitis group. The positive rates of (96.2% vs. 84.0% vs. 53.5%, χ=46.343, <0.001), (96.2% vs. 81.5% vs. 48.8%, χ=52.756, <0.001) and German cockroach (17.7% vs. 14.8% vs. 2.3%, χ=6.313, =0.043) in > 6 years old group were significantly higher than those in > 3 years old group and > 3-6 years old group, while the sIgE positive rates of egg white (41.9% vs. 21.0% vs. 10.8%, χ=20.281, <0.001) and milk (41.9% vs. 16.0% vs. 4.6%, χ=36.227, <0.001) in ≤3 years old group were significantly higher than those in > 3-6 years old group and > 6 years old group. In addition, there were significant positive correlations between and , mugwort and ox-eye daisy, cat dander and horse dander, ox-eye daisy and dandelion, egg white and milk, timothy grass and sesame (≥0.511, < 0.01). With the increase of the class of house dust mite allergen, the sIgE positive rates of mugwort (0.0% vs. 1.5% vs. 10.8%, χ=9.714, =0.008), ox-eye daisy (0.0% vs. 4.4% vs. 19.6%, χ=16.195, <0.001), cat dander (0.0% vs. 7.4% vs. 18.2%, χ=11.459, =0.003) and horse dander (0.0% vs. 1.5% vs. 15.5%, χ=15.443, < 0.001) increased significantly, while the sIgE positive rate of milk (29.0% vs. 16.2% vs. 10.1%, χ=8.792, =0.012) decreased significantly. Dust mite is the main allergen in children with respiratory allergic diseases in Guangdong, and ox-eye daisy is the main pollen allergen. The sensitization patterns of allergens varied in different ages and diseases, and children with respiratory allergic diseases should regularly detect allergens and pay attention to avoid them.
为调查广东地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病的常见变应原，为呼吸道过敏性疾病的防治提供依据。回顾性收集2019年8月至2020年8月在广州医科大学附属第一医院儿科门诊或中山市博爱医院就诊的过敏性鼻炎和（或）哮喘患儿共254份血清样本，采用ImmunoCAP 1000或皮肤点刺试验检测至少一种变应原呈阳性。其中男性173例，女性81例，年龄中位数（四分位间距）为7（4.00，9.75）岁。采用磁微粒化学发光免疫分析法检测针对18种常见变应原的特异性IgE。采用χ检验进行统计学分析。（85.0%，215/254）的阳性率最高，其次为（83.5%，212/254）、蛋清（19.3%，49/254）、牛奶（14.6%，37/254）德国小蠊（14.2%，36/254）和牛眼菊（12.6%，32/254）。尘螨是过敏性鼻炎/过敏性哮喘/过敏性鼻炎合并哮喘患者中最常见的变应原。在过敏性鼻炎合并哮喘组和过敏性鼻炎组中，（95.4%对91.7%对71.0%，χ=23.257，<0.001）、（95.4%对90.6%对67.7%，χ=26.916，<0.001）、艾蒿（10.8%对9.4%对1.1%，χ=7.535，P=0.023）和牛眼菊（21.5%对14.6%对4.3%）χ=10.876，P=0.004）的阳性率显著高于单纯过敏性鼻炎组。6岁以上组中（96.2%对84.0%对53.5%，χ=46.343，<0.001）、（96.2%对81.5%对48.8%，χ=并52.756，<0.001）和德国小蠊（17.7%对14.8%对2.3%，χ=6.313，P=0.043）的阳性率显著高于3岁以上组和3 - 6岁组，而≤3岁组中蛋清（41.9%对21.0%对10.8%，χ=20.281，<0.001）和牛奶（41.9%对16.0%对4.6%，χ=36.227，<0.001）的sIgE阳性率显著高于3 - 6岁组和6岁以上组。此外，与、艾蒿与牛眼菊、猫毛屑与马毛屑、牛眼菊与蒲公英、蛋清与牛奶、梯牧草与芝麻之间存在显著正相关（≥0.511，P<0.01）。随着屋尘螨变应原种类的增加，艾蒿（0.0%对1.5%对10.8%，χ=9.714，P=0.008）、牛眼菊（0.0%对4.4%对19.6%，χ=16.195，<0.001）、猫毛屑（0.0%对7.4%对18.2%，χ=11.459，P=0.003）和马毛屑（0.0%对1.5%对15.5%，χ=15.443，P<0.001）的sIgE阳性率显著升高，而牛奶的sIgE阳性率（29.0%对16.2%对10.1%，χ=8.792，P=0.012）显著降低。尘螨是广东地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病的主要变应原，牛眼菊是主要的花粉变应原。变应原的致敏模式在不同年龄和疾病中有所不同，呼吸道过敏性疾病患儿应定期检测变应原并注意避免接触。
