Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2021 May 26;16(5):e0252187. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252187. eCollection 2021.
Ensuring the grain supply-demand balance and achieving grain security had been the main tasks for the government of Bangladesh. On the supply side, Bangladesh's supply of grain products has increased substantially, with an average annual growth rate of 1.99 million tons in 1998-2018. Domestic grain production, especially rice production, accounted for the largest proportion in its structure. However, under the constraints of resources and environment, imports and international aid were needed to ensure a stable and sustainable grain supply. On the demand side, Bangladesh's demand for grain products continued to grow at an average annual rate of 2.09 million tons and its structure was constantly diversified. In recent years, domestic grain production has fully met the grain demand for food use, but the overall grain supply dependence on foreign gradually increased. From the analysis of the influencing factors, the grain supply, especially the domestic production of rice and maize, had the greatest impact on the balance of grain supply-demand in Bangladesh. Moreover, multiple cropping index, chemical fertilizer application per hectare and irrigation rate were the three main factors affecting grain production. As a typical agricultural country, Bangladesh's grain security was faced with challenges, such as high population density, insufficient cultivated land resources, international grain trade and frequent natural disasters. It is suggested that its government should strengthen scientific and technological research, adjust agricultural structure, improve the efficient utilization of agricultural resources and grain circulation systems, and balance the grain demand between food use and indirect use, so as to achieve complete grain self-sufficiency and overall grain security.
确保粮食供需平衡、实现粮食安全一直是孟加拉国政府的主要任务。在供应方面，孟加拉国的粮食产品供应大幅增加，1998 年至 2018 年平均年增长率为 199 万吨。国内粮食生产，尤其是大米生产，在其结构中占最大比例。然而，在资源和环境的限制下，需要进口和国际援助来确保稳定和可持续的粮食供应。在需求方面，孟加拉国对粮食产品的需求以平均每年 209 万吨的速度持续增长，其结构不断多样化。近年来，国内粮食生产已完全满足粮食食用需求，但总体粮食供应对外依存度逐渐增加。从影响因素分析来看，粮食供应，尤其是大米和玉米的国内生产，对孟加拉国粮食供需平衡的影响最大。此外，复种指数、每公顷化肥施用量和灌溉率是影响粮食生产的三个主要因素。作为一个典型的农业国，孟加拉国的粮食安全面临着高人口密度、耕地资源不足、国际粮食贸易和频繁自然灾害等挑战。建议政府加强科技研究，调整农业结构，提高农业资源和粮食流通系统的高效利用，平衡粮食在食品用途和间接用途之间的需求，以实现完全的粮食自给自足和全面的粮食安全。
