Debella Adera, Dheresa Merga, Geda Biftu, Tiruye Getahun, Fage Sagni Girma
School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Department of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Meda Welabu University, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia.
J Blood Med. 2021 May 18;12:299-306. doi: 10.2147/JBM.S305567. eCollection 2021.
Although it is a public health problem of pregnant women in low, middle and high-income countries, the highest prevalence rate of anemia is found among pregnant women of low-income countries, particularly in Africa. Therefore, this study has aimed to determine the magnitude of the anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women admitted to labor wards of public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia.
A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 pregnant women admitted to labor wards in four public hospitals of Harar town and Dire Dawa City Administration. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected through an interview using a structured questionnaire. The hemoglobin level was measured for each study participant. Binary and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted and statistical significance was declared at <0.05.
The magnitude of anemia was 33.1% (95% CI: 28.4%, 37.8%). Being from rural areas (AOR: 3.8; 95% CI: 1.81, 7.94), no antenatal care (ANC) follow-up (AOR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.34, 8.79), a habit of drinking milk with tea after meals (AOR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.48, 5.61), taking a meal only 1-2 times per day (AOR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.69, 8.97), experiencing no blood loss in the current pregnancy (AOR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.96) and a habit of eating leafy vegetables (AOR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.24) were significantly associated with anemia.
About one in three pregnant women were anemic and anemia was a moderate public health problem in the study settings. Interventions targeting reducing or preventing anemia should focus on pregnant women in rural areas, promoting the benefits of ANC follow-up, reducing the habit of drinking milk with tea after meals, enhancing the consumption of leafy vegetables and increasing meal frequency per day to minimize or prevent anemia and its consequences during pregnancy.
尽管贫血是低收入、中等收入和高收入国家孕妇面临的一个公共卫生问题，但贫血患病率最高的是低收入国家的孕妇，尤其是在非洲。因此，本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚东部公立医院产科病房收治的孕妇中贫血的严重程度及其相关因素。
在哈勒尔镇和德雷达瓦市行政区的四家公立医院产科病房收治的405名孕妇中进行了一项基于医疗机构的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样技术选择研究参与者。通过使用结构化问卷进行访谈收集数据。为每位研究参与者测量血红蛋白水平。拟合二元和多变量逻辑回归模型，以<0.05为具有统计学意义。
贫血的严重程度为33.1%（95%可信区间：28.4%，37.8%）。来自农村地区（调整后比值比：3.8；95%可信区间：1.81，7.94）、未进行产前检查（ANC）随访（调整后比值比：3.4；95%可信区间：1.34，8.79）、有饭后用茶送服牛奶的习惯（调整后比值比：2.8；95%可信区间：1.48，5.61）、每天仅进食1 - 2次（调整后比值比：3.9；95%可信区间：1.69，8.97）、本次妊娠无失血情况（调整后比值比：0.25；95%可信区间：0.06，0.96）以及有食用绿叶蔬菜的习惯（调整后比值比：0.12；95%可信区间：0.06，0.24）与贫血显著相关。
约三分之一的孕妇贫血，在研究环境中贫血是一个中度公共卫生问题。旨在减少或预防贫血的干预措施应侧重于农村地区的孕妇，宣传产前检查随访的益处，减少饭后用茶送服牛奶的习惯，增加绿叶蔬菜的摄入量，并提高每日进餐频率，以尽量减少或预防孕期贫血及其后果。
