Zanini Daniela Sacramento, Peixoto Evandro Morais, de Andrade Josemberg Moura, Tramonte Lucia
Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiania, Brazil.
Department of Psychology, University of São Francisco USF, Bragança Paulista, Brazil.
Front Sociol. 2021 May 10;6:615232. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.615232. eCollection 2021.
The experience of the pandemic caused by the Coronavirus and the consequent disease triggered by it (COVID-19) brought to light fragilities that have been long overlooked by the scientific community and by various political and social institutions. The pandemic also brought to the fore certain social practices resulting from individual behaviors, such as wearing a mask and practicing social isolation. It demonstrated the need for social commitment and pro-social behaviors if societies are to respond successfully. The purpose of this article is to evaluate psychological and sociodemographic characteristics associated with compliance or noncompliance of individuals with these practices in two different phases of the pandemic experience in Brazil: in the first month and after three months. Participants for the first phase of the study were recruited through advertisements in the media and social networks. 1,914 individuals aged between 14 and 81 years agreed to participate, 78.2% of these were women, from 25 Federative Units in Brazil. In the second phase, 761 individuals who participated in the first phase, were reassessed. The authors used the following instruments for data collection: a standardized questionnaire collecting information of sociodemographic characteristics and dynamics of social isolation; the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; the Life Satisfaction Scale; the Positive and Negative Affections Scale; and the Reduced Personality Markers and Stress Mindset Scale. All instruments used presented evidence of validity and adequate reliability indexes. The comparison of categorical exploratory variables with motives for following social isolation protocols was performed using Pearson's Chi-square, and the comparison of continuous exploratory variables was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. Covariance Analysis was performed using as covariates those that showed significance/effect on isolation in previous analyses. The results showed that respondents practicing social isolation to comply with governmental recommendations had lower scores on the scales of neuroticism and conscientiousness. They reported also less stress, anxiety, and depression, and less general distress. Overall, these respondents also displayed more positive affect, and tended to reframe stress in a more positive way than others. These preliminary results describe the psychological characteristics of individuals and their associations with social behaviors in a period of collective stress and high social risk.
由冠状病毒引发的大流行及其所致疾病（COVID-19）的经历，揭示了科学界以及各类政治和社会机构长期以来一直忽视的脆弱性。这场大流行还凸显了某些源于个人行为的社会行为，比如佩戴口罩和实行社交隔离。它表明，如果社会想要成功应对，就需要社会承诺和亲社会行为。本文的目的是评估在巴西大流行经历的两个不同阶段，即第一个月和三个月后，与个人遵守或不遵守这些行为相关的心理和社会人口学特征。研究第一阶段的参与者通过媒体和社交网络上的广告招募。1914名年龄在14至81岁之间的个人同意参与，其中78.2%为女性，来自巴西的25个联邦单位。在第二阶段，对参与第一阶段的761名个人进行了重新评估。作者使用了以下工具进行数据收集：一份收集社会人口学特征和社交隔离动态信息的标准化问卷；凯斯勒心理困扰量表；生活满意度量表；正负情感量表；以及简化人格标记和压力心态量表。所使用的所有工具都有有效性证据和足够的信度指标。使用皮尔逊卡方检验对与遵循社交隔离协议动机的分类探索性变量进行比较，使用曼-惠特尼检验对连续探索性变量进行比较。使用在前述分析中对隔离显示出显著影响的变量作为协变量进行协方差分析。结果显示，为遵守政府建议而实行社交隔离的受访者在神经质和尽责性量表上得分较低。他们报告的压力、焦虑和抑郁也较少，总体困扰也较少。总体而言，这些受访者也表现出更多的积极情感，并且比其他人更倾向于以更积极的方式重新诠释压力。这些初步结果描述了在集体压力和高社会风险时期个人的心理特征及其与社会行为的关联。
