Fischer Ilan, Avrashi Shacked, Oz Tomer, Fadul Rabab, Gutman Koral, Rubenstein Daniel, Kroliczak Gregory, Goerg Sebastian, Glöckner Andreas
School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
R Soc Open Sci. 2020 Aug 26;7(8):201131. doi: 10.1098/rsos.201131. eCollection 2020 Aug.
Following the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the globe coerced their citizens to adhere to preventive health behaviours, aiming to reduce the reproduction numbers of the virus. Driven by game theoretic considerations and inspired by the work of US National Research Council's Committee on Food Habits (1943) during WWII, and the post-WWII Yale Communication Research Program, the present research shows how to achieve enhanced adherence to health regulations without coercion. To this aim, we combine three elements: (i) indirect measurements, (ii) personalized interventions, and (iii) attitude changing treatments (IMPACT). We find that a cluster of short interventions, such as elaboration on possible consequences, induction of cognitive dissonance, addressing next of kin and similar others and receiving advice following severity judgements, improves individuals' health-preserving attitudes. We propose extending the use of IMPACT under closure periods and during the resumption of social and economic activities under COVID-19 pandemic, since efficient and lasting adherence should rely on personal attitudes rather than on coercion alone. Finally, we point to the opportunity of international cooperation generated by the pandemic.
在新冠疫情爆发后，全球各国政府强制公民遵守预防性健康行为，旨在降低病毒的繁殖数。受博弈论考量的驱动，并受到美国国家研究委员会二战期间饮食习惯委员会（1943年）以及二战后耶鲁传播研究项目工作的启发，本研究展示了如何在没有强制手段的情况下提高对健康规定的遵守程度。为此，我们结合了三个要素：（i）间接测量，（ii）个性化干预，以及（iii）态度改变疗法（IMPACT）。我们发现，一系列短期干预措施，如阐述可能的后果、引发认知失调、提及近亲及其他类似人群以及在严重程度判断后接受建议等，会改善个体的健康维护态度。我们建议在新冠疫情大流行期间的封闭期以及社会和经济活动恢复期间扩大IMPACT的使用，因为有效且持久的遵守应依赖个人态度而非仅仅依靠强制手段。最后，我们指出了疫情带来的国际合作机遇。
