School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
Int J Paleopathol. 2021 Jun;33:258-269. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.05.004. Epub 2021 May 24.
Improve understanding of the links between biological variables (sex, body size and anatomical position) and adaptive remodelling of autopodia, and the identification of traction use in the archaeological record.
A modified version of the recording system for identifying draught cattle in the archaeological record (Bartosiewicz et al., 1997) was applied to a sample of 1509 bones from six sites from medieval England. Analysis focused on identifying correlations between pathological and sub-pathological changes in lower-limb bones in relation to anatomy, sex and body mass.
A correlation between sex, body mass and lower limb bone changes was demonstrated. The need to consider anterior and posterior limb bone elements separately to maximise the potential for identifying cattle used for traction was identified. Changes in hindlimb elements were highlighted as the most useful indicator of draught use.
This study provides new, detailed evidence for a previously poorly understood correlation between the effects of anatomical position, sex and body size and the nature of skeletal changes traditionally associated with draught cattle. It pulls together findings and makes comprehensive suggestions for future studies.
This is a purely methodological paper. Although general results are presented, there is insufficient space to include a full case study. This will be published separately within the results of the FeedSax project.
Future studies into the use of cattle for draught purposes in the past should take in to account the sex and size of the animals under consideration, and analyse anterior and posterior elements separately.
增进对生物变量（性别、体型和解剖位置）与附肢适应性重塑之间联系的理解，并识别考古记录中的牵引力使用。
对 1509 块来自英格兰中世纪六个地点的骨骼样本应用了改良版的考古记录中识别役用牛的记录系统（Bartosiewicz 等人，1997 年）。分析集中于确定下肢骨骼中与解剖、性别和体重相关的病理和亚病理变化之间的相关性。
证明了性别、体重与下肢骨骼变化之间存在相关性。需要分别考虑前肢和后肢骨骼元素，以最大限度地识别用于牵引的牛，这一点得到了确认。后肢骨骼的变化被强调为识别牵引力使用的最有用指标。
本研究为之前理解不足的解剖位置、性别和体型影响与传统上与役用牛相关的骨骼变化之间的关系提供了新的、详细的证据。它汇集了研究结果并对未来研究提出了全面的建议。
这是一篇纯粹的方法学论文。虽然呈现了一般结果，但没有足够的空间包括完整的案例研究。这将在 FeedSax 项目的结果中单独发表。
未来对过去用于牵引目的的牛的研究应考虑所考虑动物的性别和大小，并分别分析前肢和后肢元素。
