Ho K H, Hashish I, Salmon P, Freeman R, Harvey W
Department of Oral Surgery, Eastman Dental Hospital, London, U.K.
J Psychosom Res. 1988;32(2):197-205. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(88)90055-4.
A placebo effect on post-operative swelling was investigated as a possible model for studying psychological influences on recovery from surgery. 79 patients undergoing removal of impacted third-molars received one of five different procedures shortly after emerging from general anaesthetic. These included dentist-administered or placebo ultrasound (the latter given in two different ways to control for massage effects), untreated controls and a group instructed to apply facial massage to themselves. Pre- and post-operative measurements included trait and state-anxiety, coping style, emotional state, pain, plasma cortisol and facial swelling. Cortisol levels correlated with anxiety and avoidant coping. Post-operative anxiety was negatively correlated with pre-operative arousal. Neither coping nor emotional state was affected by the treatments, but swelling was reduced by a placebo effect of ultrasound. Cortisol levels also responded, apparently to an effect of massage. The coping and emotional factors which we measured here cannot, therefore, explain the effects of this psychological procedure on post-operative recovery.
作为研究心理因素对手术恢复影响的一种可能模型，我们对术后肿胀的安慰剂效应进行了调查。79名接受阻生第三磨牙拔除术的患者在全身麻醉苏醒后不久接受了五种不同程序中的一种。这些程序包括牙医实施的超声治疗或安慰剂超声治疗（后者以两种不同方式给予以控制按摩效果）、未治疗的对照组以及一组被指示自行进行面部按摩的患者。术前和术后测量包括特质焦虑和状态焦虑、应对方式、情绪状态、疼痛、血浆皮质醇和面部肿胀。皮质醇水平与焦虑和回避应对相关。术后焦虑与术前唤醒呈负相关。治疗对应对方式和情绪状态均无影响，但超声的安慰剂效应使肿胀减轻。皮质醇水平也有反应，显然是对按摩的一种反应。因此，我们在此测量的应对和情绪因素无法解释这种心理程序对术后恢复的影响。
